In recent times, cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have been at the center of attention for many researchers trying to establish pharmacological therapeutic procedures for the treatment of radiation accident victims. Two granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-based radiation countermeasures have been approved for the treatment of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. However, at the same time, many different substances with varying effects have been tested in animal studies as potential radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation damage. A wide spectrum of these substances has been studied, comprising various immunomodulators, prostaglandins, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, agonists of adenosine cell receptors, herbal extracts, flavonoids, vitamins, and others. These agents are often effective, relatively non-toxic, and cheap. This review summarizes the results of animal experiments, which show the potential for some of these untraditional or new radiation countermeasures to become a part of therapeutic procedures applicable in patients with the acute radiation syndrome. The authors consider β-glucan, 5-AED (5-androstenediol), meloxicam, γ-tocotrienol, genistein, IB-MECA (N⁶-(3-iodobezyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide), Ex-RAD (4-carboxystyryl-4-chlorobenzylsulfone), and entolimod the most promising agents, with regards to their contingent use in clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• acute radiation syndrome, hematopoiesis, radiomitigators, radioprotectors,
• MeSH
• akutní radiační syndrom farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hematopoetický systém účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• radioprotektivní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• radioprotektivní látky MeSH

The goal of combined pharmacological approaches in the treatment of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is to obtain an effective therapy producing a minimum of undesirable side effects. This review summarizes important data from studies evaluating the efficacy of combining radioprotective agents developed for administration prior to irradiation and therapeutic agents administered in a post-irradiation treatment regimen. Many of the evaluated results show additivity, or even synergism, of the combined treatments in comparison with the effects of the individual component administrations. It can be deduced from these findings that the research in which combined treatments with radioprotectors/radiomitigators are explored, tested, and evaluated is well-founded. The requirement for studies highly emphasizing the need to minimize undesirable side effects of the radioprotective/radiomitigating therapies is stressed.

• Klíčová slova
• acute radiation syndrome, combined treatment, cytokines, radiomitigators, radioprotectors,
• MeSH
• akutní radiační syndrom farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• amifostin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dinoproston terapeutické užití   MeSH
• experimentální radiační poranění farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• faktor stimulující kolonie granulocytů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metformin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• misoprostol terapeutické užití   MeSH
• radioprotektivní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• vitamin E terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amifostin MeSH
• dinoproston MeSH
• faktor stimulující kolonie granulocytů MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• metformin MeSH
• misoprostol MeSH
• radioprotektivní látky MeSH
• vitamin E MeSH

Bone marrow damage represents a significant problem in cancer treatment. Therefore, it is clear that the pharmacologic protection against bone marrow damage is of considerable interest, since the development of novel and effective medical approaches to combat radiation or cytotoxic damage are of major importance not only to the medical field but also to several industries and the military. This review represents a summary of our knowledge of the effects of various glucans on bone marrow protection.

• Klíčová slova
• Glucan, bone marrow, chemotherapy, irradiation, mice,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

New foods and natural biological modulators have recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall components are claimed to be useful for various medical purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immunotherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. These properties are principally related to the stimulation of cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of specific receptors for glucans on dendritic cells (dectin-1), as well as interactions with other receptors, mainly expressed by innate immune cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors, complement receptor-3), have raised new attention toward these products as suitable therapeutic agents. We briefly review the characteristics of the glucans from mycelial walls as modulators of the immunity and their possible use as antitumor treatments.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Agaricales chemie   MeSH
• beta-glukany chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• buněčné extrakty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dendritické buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• lektiny typu C metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přirozená imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• protinádorové látky chemie   imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• signální transdukce imunologie   MeSH
• tradiční orientální medicína MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• beta-glukany MeSH
• buněčné extrakty MeSH
• dectin 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH