Angiosperm mature pollen represents a quiescent stage with a desiccated cytoplasm surrounded by a tough cell wall, which is resistant to the suboptimal environmental conditions and carries the genetic information in an intact stage to the female gametophyte. Post pollination, pollen grains are rehydrated, activated, and a rapid pollen tube growth starts, which is accompanied by a notable metabolic activity, synthesis of novel proteins, and a mutual communication with female reproductive tissues. Several angiosperm species (Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, maize, and kiwifruit) were subjected to phosphoproteomic studies of their male gametophyte developmental stages, mostly mature pollen grains. The aim of this review is to compare the available phosphoproteomic studies and to highlight the common phosphoproteins and regulatory trends in the studied species. Moreover, the pollen phosphoproteome was compared with root hair phosphoproteome to pinpoint the common proteins taking part in their tip growth, which share the same cellular mechanisms.

• Klíčová slova
• kinase motif, male gametophyte, phosphoproteomics, pollen tube, root hair, signal transduction,
• MeSH
• fosfoproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• opylení * MeSH
• proteom metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• pylová láčka metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfoproteiny MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Being rooted in place, plants are faced with the challenge of responding to unfavourable local conditions. One such condition, heat stress, contributes massively to crop losses globally. Heatwaves are predicted to increase, and it is of vital importance to generate crops that are tolerant to not only heat stress but also to several other abiotic stresses (e.g. drought stress, salinity stress) to ensure that global food security is protected. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the temperature stress response in pollen will be a significant step towards developing effective breeding strategies for high and stable production in crop plants. While most studies have focused on the vegetative phase of plant growth to understand heat stress tolerance, it is the reproductive phase that requires more attention as it is more sensitive to elevated temperatures. Every phase of reproductive development is affected by environmental challenges, including pollen and ovule development, pollen tube growth, male-female cross-talk, fertilization, and embryo development. In this review we summarize how pollen is affected by heat stress and the molecular mechanisms employed during the stress period, as revealed by classical and -omics experiments.

• Klíčová slova
• heat stress (HS), heat stress response (HSR), multiomics, pollen development, thermotolerance,
• MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• pyl MeSH
• reakce na tepelný šok MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin * MeSH
• termotolerance * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Reproduction success in angiosperm plants depends on robust pollen tube growth through the female pistil tissues to ensure successful fertilization. Accordingly, there is an apparent evolutionary trend to accumulate significant reserves during pollen maturation, including a population of stored mRNAs, that are utilized later for a massive translation of various proteins in growing pollen tubes. Here, we performed a thorough transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of stored and translated transcripts in three subcellular compartments of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), long-term storage EDTA/puromycin-resistant particles, translating polysomes, and free ribonuclear particles, throughout tobacco pollen development and in in vitro-growing pollen tubes. We demonstrated that the composition of the aforementioned complexes is not rigid and that numerous transcripts were redistributed among these complexes during pollen development, which may represent an important mechanism of translational regulation. Therefore, we defined the pollen sequestrome as a distinct and highly dynamic compartment for the storage of stable, translationally repressed transcripts and demonstrated its dynamics. We propose that EDTA/puromycin-resistant particle complexes represent aggregated nontranslating monosomes as the primary mediators of messenger RNA sequestration. Such organization is extremely useful in fast tip-growing pollen tubes, where rapid and orchestrated protein synthesis must take place in specific regions.

• MeSH
• polyribozomy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteom genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• pyl genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• pylová láčka genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ribozomy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• tabák genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteom MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH