The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has led to worldwide interest in factors influencing the age of ASD diagnosis. Parents or caregivers of 237 ASD children (193 boys, 44 girls) diagnosed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) completed a simple descriptive questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the variable-centered multiple regression analysis and the person-centered classification tree method. We believed that the concurrent use of these two methods could produce robust results. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.8 ± 2.2 years (median 5.3 years). Younger ages for ASD diagnosis were predicted (using multiple regression analysis) by higher scores in the ADOS social domain, higher scores in ADOS restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interest domain, higher maternal education, and the shared household of parents. Using the classification tree method, the subgroup with the lowest mean age at diagnosis were children, in whom the summation of ADOS communication and social domain scores was ≥ 17, and paternal age at the delivery was ≥ 29 years. In contrast, the subgroup with the oldest mean age at diagnosis included children with summed ADOS communication and social domain scores < 17 and maternal education at the elementary school level. The severity of autism and maternal education played a significant role in both types of data analysis focused on age at diagnosis.

• Klíčová slova
• ADOS, Age at diagnosis, Autism spectrum disorders, Maternal education, Paternal age, Shared household,
• MeSH
• autistická porucha * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pervazivní vývojové poruchy u dětí * MeSH
• poruchy autistického spektra * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In contrast to the decreasing burden related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity complications is increasing in Czechia, and local drivers must be identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate biological, behavioral, and environmental drivers of dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity in Czechia. Additionally, the structure of the Czech healthcare system was described. The prevalence of obesity in men and diabetes in both sexes has been increasing over the past 30 years. Possible reasons include the Eastern European eating pattern, high prevalence of physical inactivity and health illiteracy, education, and income-related health inequalities. Despite the advanced healthcare system based on the compulsory insurance model with free-for-service healthcare and a wide range of health-promoting initiatives, more effective strategies to tackle the adiposity/dysglycemia are needed. In conclusion, the disease burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity in Czechia remains high but is not translated into greater CVD. This discordant relationship likely depends more on other factors, such as improvements in dyslipidemia and hypertension control. A reconceptualization of abnormal adiposity and dysglycemia into a more actionable cardiometabolic-based chronic disease model is needed to improve the approach to these conditions. This review can serve as a platform to investigate causal mechanisms and secure effective management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease.

• Klíčová slova
• adiposity, cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease, chronic disease, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, nutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes,
• MeSH
• adipozita etnologie   MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prediabetes epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sedavý životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Licit and illicit substance use is one of the major public health issues with severe negative health consequences for individuals and society. Health literacy is essential for improving one's health and navigation in the healthcare system. However, the evidence of health literacy in people with substance use disorders is limited. This study aims to examine health literacy and its socio-demographic, health-related, and substance use-related correlates in young people with alcohol (AUD) and substance use disorders (SUD). In this study, cross-sectional data of young people undergoing addiction treatment for AUD (N = 201, mean age 37.6) and SUD (N = 165, mean age 31.1) were used. Health literacy was assessed using the HLS-EU-Q47. Simple and multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the correlates of health literacy. In total, 37.8% of participants with AUD and 41.8% of SUD had limited health literacy. In participants with AUD, living condition factors, self-perceived health indicators, and frequency of alcohol use showed a significant effect on health literacy. In participants with SUD, financial factors, self-perceived health indicators, and injection sharing showed a significant effect. Increasing health literacy might contribute to improved health outcomes and decreased high-risk substance use-related behavior in people undergoing addiction treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• HLS-EU-Q, alcohol use disorder, health literacy, multiple regression, residential addiction treatment, substance use disorders,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost * MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which causes health problem that affects more patients in the past few years. To be able to offer appropriate care, epidemiological analyses are crucial at the national level and its comparison with the international situation. AIM: The demographic description of reported patients with parkinsonism (including Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) from the national health registries. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data available from the National Health Information System-NHIS and the National Registry of Reimbursed Health Services (NRRHS). Analyzed epidemiological data are intending to determine the regional and specific prevalence of Parkinsonism in the Czech Republic. The International Classification of Diseases diagnoses (ICD-10) of G20 (Parkinson's disease-PD) and G23.1, G23.2, G23.3 (other degenerative disorders of basal ganglia), and G31.8 (another degenerative disease of basal ganglia) from the period of 2012 to 2018 were included into the analysis. RESULTS: We identified 78 453 unique patients from national registries in the period 2012 to 2018. Diagnoses of G20, G23.1, G23.2, and G31.8 were registered as the principal diagnoses in 76.6% of all individual patients. CONCLUSION: We have found a growing number of patients coded with ICD-10 of dg. G20, G23.1, G23.2, G23.3, or G31.8 (N = 27 891 in 2012, and N = 30 612 in 2018). We have proven regional differences in the prevalence of Parkinson´s diagnoses. Therefore we assume most likely also differences in the care of patients with PD based on the availability of specialty care centers.

• MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurodegenerativní nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• parkinsonské poruchy diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

This mixed methods research paper explores health literacy (HL) in individuals with alcohol addiction by using the 47-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) and semi-structured interviews concerning health-related competencies (access, understand, appraise, and apply health information), and determines the limitations of the HLS-EU-Q47 when used under specific conditions of clinical practice. The questionnaire survey and the interviews were conducted with individuals of different health literacy levels who were undergoing inpatient alcohol addiction treatment. The findings indicate that individuals with alcohol addiction might require different types of health information according to their health literacy level in terms of quantity and quality of information to recover from alcohol addiction and improve their overall health. The implications for the clinical practice of addiction treatment as well as recommendations for national and regional policy are also discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• HLS-EU-Q47, alcohol addiction, health literacy, inpatient addiction treatment, mixed methods,
• MeSH
• alkoholismus * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH