Body odors offer a unique window into the physiological and psychological profile of the emitter. This information, broadcast in nonverbal communication, significantly shapes social interactions. However, effectively digitizing body odors requires a precise framework for perceptual operationalization. Previous research has used a very limited number of verbal terms, such as pleasant, intense, or attractive, which fails to adequately capture qualitative differences. To address this gap, we elicited body odor descriptions from 2,607 participants across 17 countries and 13 languages. All these descriptions are presented here in one dataset, together with a condensed list of 25 body odor words (BOW). Those terms reliably differentiated between body states, and were validated in a separate study with a different group of 155 perceivers. The dataset, available as a web application, provides a novel operationalization of body odor impressions, which is a precondition for studying olfaction in human nonverbal communication, for perception-based digitization of body odors and for comparative studies.

• MeSH
• čich MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neverbální komunikace * MeSH
• odoranty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• dataset MeSH

BACKGROUND: It is important to pursue goal-concordant care and to prevent non-beneficial interventions in older people. AIM: To describe serious illness communication and decision-making practices in hospitalised older people in Europe. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Data on advance directives, goals of care (GOC) discussions and treatment limitation decisions were collected about patients aged 75-years and older admitted to 23 European acute geriatric units (AGUs). RESULTS: In this cohort of 590 older persons [59.5% aged 85 and above, 59.3% female, median premorbid Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) 6], a formal advance directive was recorded in 3.3% and a pre-hospital treatment limitation in 14.0% with significant differences between European regions (respectively P < 0.001 and P = 0.018).Most prevalent GOC was preservation of function (46.8%). GOC were discussed with patients in 64.0%, with families in 73.0%, within the interprofessional hospital team in 67.0% and with primary care in 13.4%. The GOC and the extent to which it was discussed differed between European regions (both P < 0.001). The prevalence of treatment limitation decisions was 53.7% with a large difference within and between countries (P < 0.001). The odds of having a treatment limitation decision were higher for patients with pre-hospital treatment limitation decisions (OR 39.1), residing in Western versus Southern Europe (OR 4.8), belonging to an older age category (OR 3.2), living with a higher number of severe comorbidities (OR 2.2) and higher premorbid CFS (OR 1.3). CONCLUSIONS: There is large variability across European AGUs concerning GOC discussions and treatment limitation decisions. Sharing of information between primary and hospital care about patient preferences is noticeably deficient.

• Klíčová slova
• 80 and over, acute hospital, aged, multicentre study, older people, patient care planning, resuscitation orders,
• MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pacientova přání ohledně budoucí terapie * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• plánování péče o pacienty MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Common altmetrics indices are limited and biased in the social media that they cover. In this Perspective, we highlight how and why altmetrics should broaden its scope to provide more reliable metrics for scientific content and communication.

• MeSH
• altmetrika MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální média * MeSH
• věda výchova   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Quarrying is often perceived as less damaging than large-scale mining, as it typically involves smaller-scale operations and poses fewer environmental risks. Consequently, many regions apply less stringent regulations to quarrying, resulting in reduced data collection and fewer incentives for companies to invest in related research. This regulatory leniency often neglects the social dimensions of quarrying, including its effects on local communities, land use, and cultural landscapes. Our study aims to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of community-company relationships surrounding quarries and the contextual environment influencing these relationships. We do so by exploring four communities in two quarrying locations in the Czech Republic. Our research is based on qualitative interviews with 20 participants from eight different stakeholder groups, complemented by document analyses and field observations. The analysis focuses on exploring the context and the dynamics of community-company relationships and future visions and concerns. We identify four major groups of factors that are influential on community-company relationships: a) Communication and engagement; b) Community, trust, and NIMBYism; c) Context complexity; and d) Mine size and remoteness. Our results highlight the local governing body as a key player in communication and engagement. Misinformation, often arising from knowledge gaps, misunderstandings, errors, and transparency issues, emerged as a major factor undermining effective three-party communication. We demonstrate that effective, transparent communication is essential for building strong community-company relationships and addressing future concerns surrounding quarries. This study underscores the need for proactive, transparent, and context-sensitive approaches to foster sustainable relationships in quarrying areas.

• Klíčová slova
• Community relations, Corporate social responsibility, Engagement, Environmental management, Extractive industries, Sustainable development, Trust,
• MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Social networks are a battlefield for political propaganda. Protected by the anonymity of the internet, political actors use computational propaganda to influence the masses. Their methods include the use of synchronized or individual bots, multiple accounts operated by one social media management tool, or different manipulations of search engines and social network algorithms, all aiming to promote their ideology. While computational propaganda influences modern society, it is hard to measure or detect it. Furthermore, with the recent exponential growth in large language models (L.L.M), and the growing concerns about information overload, which makes the alternative truth spheres more noisy than ever before, the complexity and magnitude of computational propaganda is also expected to increase, making their detection even harder. Propaganda in social networks is disguised as legitimate news sent from authentic users. It smartly blended real users with fake accounts. We seek here to detect efforts to manipulate the spread of information in social networks, by one of the fundamental macro-scale properties of rhetoric-repetitiveness. We use 16 data sets of a total size of 13 GB, 10 related to political topics and 6 related to non-political ones (large-scale disasters), each ranging from tens of thousands to a few million of tweets. We compare them and identify statistical and network properties that distinguish between these two types of information cascades. These features are based on both the repetition distribution of hashtags and the mentions of users, as well as the network structure. Together, they enable us to distinguish (p - value = 0.0001) between the two different classes of information cascades. In addition to constructing a bipartite graph connecting words and tweets to each cascade, we develop a quantitative measure and show how it can be used to distinguish between political and non-political discussions. Our method is indifferent to the cascade's country of origin, language, or cultural background since it is only based on the statistical properties of repetitiveness and the word appearance in tweets bipartite network structures.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• politika * MeSH
• propaganda MeSH
• šíření informací * metody   MeSH
• sociální média * MeSH
• sociální sítě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that configural and metric invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional SWLS model has universal applicability. Full scalar invariance was achieved across gender identities and age groups. Based on alignment optimisation methods, partial scalar invariance was achieved across all but three national groups and across all languages represented in the BINS. There were large differences in latent SWLS means across nations and languages, but negligible-to-small differences across gender identities and age groups. Across nations, greater life satisfaction was significantly associated with greater financial security and being in a committed relationship or married. The results of this study suggest that the SWLS largely assesses a common unidimensional construct of life satisfaction irrespective of respondent characteristics (i.e., national group, gender identities, and age group) or survey presentation (i.e., survey language). This has important implications for the assessment of life satisfaction across nations and provides information that will be useful for practitioners aiming to promote subjective well-being internationally.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• genderová identita * MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• osobní uspokojení * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries. The data were collected between November 2022 and August 2023 as part of the global Many Labs study "Trust in Science and Science-Related Populism" (TISP). The questionnaire contained comprehensive measures for individuals' trust in scientists, science-related populist attitudes, perceptions of the role of science in society, science media use and communication behaviour, attitudes to climate change and support for environmental policies, personality traits, political and religious views and demographic characteristics. Here, we describe the dataset, survey materials and psychometric properties of key variables. We encourage researchers to use this unique dataset for global comparative analyses on public perceptions of science and its role in society and policy-making.

• MeSH
• důvěra * MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• věda * MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• dataset MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with synucleinopathies such as multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently display speech and language abnormalities. We explore the diagnostic potential of automated linguistic analysis of natural spontaneous speech to differentiate MSA and PD. METHODS: Spontaneous speech of 39 participants with MSA compared to 39 drug-naive PD and 39 healthy controls matched for age and sex was transcribed and linguistically annotated using automatic speech recognition and natural language processing. A quantitative analysis was performed using 6 lexical and syntactic and 2 acoustic features. Results were compared with human-controlled analysis to assess the robustness of the approach. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Despite similar disease duration, linguistic abnormalities were generally more severe in MSA than in PD, leading to high diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.81. Compared to controls, MSA showed decreased grammatical component usage, more repetitive phrases, shorter sentences, reduced sentence development, slower articulation rate, and increased duration of pauses, whereas PD had only shorter sentences, reduced sentence development, and longer pauses. Only slower articulation rate was distinctive for MSA while unchanged for PD relative to controls. The highest correlation was found between bulbar/pseudobulbar clinical score and sentence length (r = -0.49, p = 0.002). Despite the relatively high severity of dysarthria in MSA, a strong agreement between manually and automatically computed results was achieved. DISCUSSION: Automated linguistic analysis may offer an objective, cost-effective, and widely applicable biomarker to differentiate synucleinopathies with similar clinical manifestations.

• Klíčová slova
• Automated linguistic analysis, Language, Multiple system atrophy, Natural language processing, Spontaneous discourse,
• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multisystémová atrofie * diagnóza   patofyziologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnóza   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• řeč fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zpracování přirozeného jazyka MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) has become an increasingly utilized tool in therapeutic practice that has the potential to improve therapy outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize the findings of existing qualitative studies investigating how clinicians use ROM in their work with clients. A systematic search of qualitative studies on clinicians' experience with the use of ROM in mental health services was conducted via PsycInfo, PsycArticles, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Qualitative meta-analysis was used to synthesize the finding of the primary studies. Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysis resulted in 21 meta-categories organized into six clusters, namely (1) obtaining clinically relevant information, (2) adapting treatment, (3) facilitating communication, (4) enhancing the therapeutic relationship, (5) facilitating change in clients, and (6) personalized usage of ROM. The meta-analysis revealed that clinicians utilized ROM in diverse ways, including both informational and communicational functions. From the clinicians' perspective, ROM was an element that, on the one hand, introduced additional structure and standardization in treatment and, on the other hand, allowed for greater flexibility and tailoring of treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• Clinicians’ perspective, In-session use, Qualitative meta-analysis, Routine outcome monitoring, Therapists’ experience,
• MeSH
• duševní poruchy terapie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• komunikace MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• psychoterapeuti * MeSH
• psychoterapie * organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• vztahy mezi zdravotnickým pracovníkem a pacientem MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

Understanding the communication dynamics between vaccine-hesitant parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) is vital for addressing parent concerns and promoting informed decision-making. This paper focuses on strategies used by HCPs to communicate with vaccine-hesitant parents. It draws on empirical evidence generated as part of the international project VAX-TRUST. More specifically, 60 hours of observations were carried out in three different pediatric practices during vaccination-related visits, and 19 physicians and nurses were interviewed. We focused on the specific context of the Czech Republic, which represents a country with a mandatory vaccination system and in which children's immunization is the responsibility of pediatric general practitioners. We demonstrate that the dynamics between parents and HCPs and their willingness to invest time in the vaccination discussion are influenced by how HCPs categorize and label parents. Furthermore, we outline some of the different strategies HCPs employ while addressing concerns regarding vaccination. We identified two different strategies HCPs use to manage the fears of vaccine-hesitant parents. The first strategy focused on the communication of risks associated with vaccination (and lack thereof). HCPs used a variety of discursive practices to familiarize the unfamiliar risks of vaccine-preventable diseases (by mobilizing representations that are part of collective memory, incorporating personal experiences to materialize the presence of risk and the confidence in the safety of vaccines and by situating risk as embedded in everyday processes and integral to the uncertainty of the global world). The second strategy involved the conscious employment of medical procedures that may contribute to reducing vaccination fears.

• Klíčová slova
• Communication, parents, qualitative research, risk communication, vaccine hesitancy,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komunikace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odkládání očkování * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie   MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• vakcinace * psychologie   MeSH
• vakcíny aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vztahy mezi odborníkem a rodinou MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vakcíny MeSH