Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) disease resistance genes typically confer resistance against races of a single pathogen. Here, we report that Yr87/Lr85, an NLR gene from Aegilops sharonensis and Aegilops longissima, confers resistance against both P. striiformis tritici (Pst) and Puccinia triticina (Pt) that cause stripe and leaf rust, respectively. Yr87/Lr85 confers resistance against Pst and Pt in wheat introgression as well as transgenic lines. Comparative analysis of Yr87/Lr85 and the cloned Triticeae NLR disease resistance genes shows that Yr87/Lr85 contains two distinct LRR domains and that the gene is only found in Ae. sharonensis and Ae. longissima. Allele mining and phylogenetic analysis indicate multiple events of Yr87/Lr85 gene flow between the two species and presence/absence variation explaining the majority of resistance to wheat leaf rust in both species. The confinement of Yr87/Lr85 to Ae. sharonensis and Ae. longissima and the resistance in wheat against Pst and Pt highlight the potential of these species as valuable sources of disease resistance genes for wheat improvement.

• MeSH
• Aegilops genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• alely MeSH
• Basidiomycota * patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny genetika   MeSH
• listy rostlin * mikrobiologie   genetika   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• NLR proteiny * genetika   MeSH
• odolnost vůči nemocem * genetika   MeSH
• pšenice * genetika   mikrobiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Puccinia * patogenita   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• NLR proteiny * MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny * MeSH

Mutations at the LYS3 locus in barley have multiple effects on grain development, including an increase in embryo size and a decrease in endosperm starch content. The gene underlying LYS3 was identified by genetic mapping and mutations in this gene were identified in all four barley lys3 alleles. LYS3 encodes a transcription factor called Prolamin Binding Factor (PBF). Its role in controlling embryo size was confirmed using wheat TILLING mutants. To understand how PBF controls embryo development, we studied its spatial and temporal patterns of expression in developing grains. The PBF gene is expressed in both the endosperm and the embryos, but the timing of expression in these organs differs. PBF expression in wild-type embryos precedes the onset of embryo enlargement in lys3 mutants, suggesting that PBF suppresses embryo growth. We predicted the down-stream target genes of PBF in wheat and found them to be involved in a wide range of biological processes, including organ development and starch metabolism. Our work suggests that PBF may influence embryo size and endosperm starch synthesis via separate gene control networks.

• Klíčová slova
• (DAF), Days after flowering, (DOF), DNA binding with one zinc finger, (PBF), Prolamin-box binding factor, (TILLING), Targeting induced local lesions in genomes, High lysine, Large embryo, PBF, SIFT), Sorting intolerant from tolerant, Shrunken endosperm,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Unraveling and exploiting mechanisms of disease resistance in cereal crops is currently limited by their large repeat-rich genomes and the lack of genetic recombination or cultivar (cv)-specific sequence information. We cloned the first leaf rust resistance gene Rph1 (Rph1 a) from cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) using "MutChromSeq," a recently developed molecular genomics tool for the rapid cloning of genes in plants. Marker-trait association in the CI 9214/Stirling doubled haploid population mapped Rph1 to the short arm of chromosome 2H in a physical region of 1.3 megabases relative to the barley cv Morex reference assembly. A sodium azide mutant population in cv Sudan was generated and 10 mutants were confirmed by progeny-testing. Flow-sorted 2H chromosomes from Sudan (wild type) and six of the mutants were sequenced and compared to identify candidate genes for the Rph1 locus. MutChromSeq identified a single gene candidate encoding a coiled-coil nucleotide binding site Leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor protein that was altered in three different mutants. Further Sanger sequencing confirmed all three mutations and identified an additional two independent mutations within the same candidate gene. Phylogenetic analysis determined that Rph1 clustered separately from all previously cloned NLRs from the Triticeae and displayed highest sequence similarity (89%) with a homolog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) disease resistance protein 1 protein in Triticum urartu In this study we determined the molecular basis for Rph1-mediated resistance in cultivated barley enabling varietal improvement through diagnostic marker design, gene editing, and gene stacking technologies.

• MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
• ječmen (rod) fyziologie   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• NLR proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• NLR proteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH