This study deals with utilization of the hyaluronic acid (HA) and carbonyl iron (CI) microparticles to fabricate the magneto-responsive hydrogel scaffolds that can provide triggered functionality upon application of an external magnetic field. The various combinations of the HA and CI were investigated from the rheological and viscoelastic point of view to clearly show promising behavior in connection to 3D printing. Furthermore, the swelling capabilities with water diffusion kinetics were also elucidated. Magneto-responsive performance of bulk hydrogels and their noncytotoxic nature were investigated,, and all hydrogels showed cell viability in the range 75-85%. The 3D printing of such developed systems was successful, and fundamental characterization of the scaffolds morphology (SEM and CT) has been presented. The magnetic activity of the final scaffolds was confirmed at a very low magnetic field strength of 140 kA/m, and such a scaffold also provides very good biocompatibility with NIH/3T3 fibroblasts.

• Keywords
• 3D printing, hyaluronic acid, magnetic particles, magneto-responsive, scaffold,
• MeSH
• Printing, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials * chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Biopolymers chemistry   MeSH
• NIH 3T3 Cells MeSH
• Hydrogels chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Iron Carbonyl Compounds chemistry   MeSH
• Hyaluronic Acid * chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Materials Testing * MeSH
• Tissue Scaffolds * chemistry   MeSH
• Particle Size * MeSH
• Cell Survival * drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Biocompatible Materials * MeSH
• Biopolymers MeSH
• Hydrogels MeSH
• Iron Carbonyl Compounds MeSH
• Hyaluronic Acid * MeSH

Essential features of well-designed materials intended for 3D bioprinting via microextrusion are the appropriate rheological behavior and cell-friendly environment. Despite the rapid development, few materials are utilizable as bioinks. The aim of our work was to design a novel cytocompatible material facilitating extrusion-based 3D printing while maintaining a relatively simple and straightforward preparation process without the need for harsh chemicals or radiation. Specifically, hydrogels were prepared from gelatines coming from three sources-bovine, rabbit, and chicken-cross-linked by dextran polyaldehyde. The influence of dextran concentration on the properties of hydrogels was studied. Rheological measurements not only confirmed the strong shear-thinning behavior of prepared inks but were also used for capturing cross-linking reaction kinetics and demonstrated quick achievement of gelation point (in most cases < 3 min). Their viscoelastic properties allowed satisfactory extrusion, forming a self-supported multi-layered uniformly porous structure. All gelatin-based hydrogels were non-cytototoxic. Homogeneous cells distribution within the printed scaffold was confirmed by fluorescence confocal microscopy. In addition, no disruption of cells structure was observed. The results demonstrate the great potential of the presented hydrogels for applications related to 3D bioprinting.

• Keywords
• 3D printing, microextrusion, cell distribution, gelatine-dextran, hydrogel, rheology,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH