The amount of total polyphenol content (TPC) in the grain could provide insights into the conditions during maturation and might also serve as an indicator of the grain's ability to germinate in the malting process or as seeds in the field. Varieties with higher natural TPC content might exhibit better germination parameters both in the field and in the malt house. This study investigates the relationship between TPC and seed germination characteristics i.e. seed vigour in four spring barley varieties over two years, considering diverse environmental conditions and exposure to drought conditions. The evaluation of seed germination characteristics in barley, with a focus on the root length and average diameter under drought conditions (-0.5 MPa) and suboptimal temperature (10 °C), was conducted. Drought conditions were induced using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). After durations of seven and fourteen days, the germinated seeds from the Petri dishes were scanned and subjected to analysis using WinRHIZO software following the metrics: Len 7, Len 14 (root length after seven and fourteen days in cm) and AvgD 7, AvgD 14 (root diameter after seven and fourteen days in mm). The findings support our initial hypothesis, indicating a variety-specific relationship between seed germination characteristics and increased TPC, where higher germination parameters might be associated with elevated TPC levels in some barley varieties.

• Klíčová slova
• Drought conditions, Environment, Genotype, Seed germination characteristics, Spring barley, TPC,
• MeSH
• ječmen (rod) * růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• klíčení * fyziologie   MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• období sucha MeSH
• polyfenoly * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• semena rostlinná * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polyfenoly * MeSH

Balsamic vinegar is one of the best known and most popular types of vinegar, and it is a rich source of polyphenolic compounds. The quality of balsamic vinegar as well as the content of phenolic substances vary depending on the production method. In the present work, we have developed a method for comprehensive characterization of the content of phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars based on the combination of gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometric detection in single mode (MS) and tandem mode (MS/MS). In total, 14 samples of different types of balsamic vinegar were analyzed without difficulty in sample preparation. The separation conditions and detection parameters of HPLC-MS/MS were optimized and used for the determination of 29 phenolic compounds and 6 phenolic acids. The profile of phenolic compounds was completed by semi-quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds using GC-MS after optimized headspace solid-phase microextraction. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and p-coumaric acid have been identified as the major phenolic compounds in balsamic vinegars.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidants, balsamic vinegar, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, phenolic compounds,
• MeSH
• chemická frakcionace MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• kyselina octová analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí * MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenoly MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH