Immunodeficiency disorders and autoimmune diseases are common, but a lack of effective targeted drugs and the side-effects of existing drugs have stimulated interest in finding therapeutic alternatives. Naturally derived substances are a recognized source of novel drugs, and tick saliva is increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive molecules with specific functions. Ticks use their saliva to overcome the innate and adaptive host immune systems. Their saliva is a rich cocktail of molecules including proteins, peptides, lipid derivatives, and recently discovered non-coding RNAs that inhibit or modulate vertebrate immune reactions. A number of tick saliva and/or salivary gland molecules have been characterized and shown to be promising candidates for drug development for vertebrate immune diseases. However, further validation of these molecules at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels is now required to progress lead candidates to clinical testing. In this paper, we review the data on the immuno-pharmacological aspects of tick salivary compounds characterized in vitro and/or in vivo and present recent findings on non-coding RNAs that might be exploitable as immunomodulatory therapies.

• Klíčová slova
• drug discovery, host immunity, immunomodulation, salivary glands, tick saliva,
• MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• imunomodulace imunologie   MeSH
• klíšťata imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci imunitního systému imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• proteiny členovců imunologie   MeSH
• sliny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny členovců MeSH

Vector-borne diseases cause over 700,000 deaths annually and represent 17% of all infectious illnesses worldwide. This public health menace highlights the importance of understanding how arthropod vectors, microbes and their mammalian hosts interact. Currently, an emphasis of the scientific enterprise is at the vector-host interface where human pathogens are acquired and transmitted. At this spatial junction, arthropod effector molecules are secreted, enabling microbial pathogenesis and disease. Extracellular vesicles manipulate signaling networks by carrying proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and regulatory nucleic acids. Therefore, they are well positioned to aid in cell-to-cell communication and mediate molecular interactions. This Review briefly discusses exosome and microvesicle biogenesis, their cargo, and the role that nanovesicles play during pathogen spread, host colonization and disease pathogenesis. We then focus on the role of extracellular vesicles in dictating microbial pathogenesis and host immunity during transmission of vector-borne pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Arthropod-borne disease, Cell communication, Extracellular vesicle, Immunomodulation, Microbial transmission,
• MeSH
• amébiáza parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• členovci - vektory * mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• Culicidae mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• exozómy imunologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• extracelulární vezikuly * imunologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• filarióza parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• Hemiptera mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• imunomodulace MeSH
• infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• leishmanióza parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malárie parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• nemoci přenášené vektory * mikrobiologie   parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• Psychodidae mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• trypanozomiáza parazitologie   přenos   MeSH
• virové nemoci mikrobiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH