OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has become a worldwide public health concern over the past decade, counting Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to address the lack of standardized surveillance data on childhood obesity. However, BiH and its entity, Republic of Srpska (RS), are failing inclusion in such initiative, which hinders efforts to monitor and address the issue. Henceforth, the objective of this nationally funded study was to gather and analyse data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary-school children in RS by implementing the COSI methodology. METHODS: Weight, height, and BMI of first, second, and third grade children (aged 6-8), from 11 schools (N = 2,030) in the RS region was analysed according to the standardized COSI protocol. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of overall overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) observed were 14.37% (OW 9.09%, OB 5.21%). No gender-related differences were noted (boys 14.36%, girls 14.88%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a concerning trend of increasing overweight and obesity prevalence with age among primary-school children in the RS.

• Klíčová slova
• COSI, body mass index, childhood obesity, elementary school,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha * epidemiologie   MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• surveillance populace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bosna a Hercegovina epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). METHOD: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.

• Klíčová slova
• Active transport, active play, Physical inactivity, Sedentary behaviour, Surveillance,
• MeSH
• čas strávený před obrazovkou MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• školy MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• sporty MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Consuming a healthy diet in childhood helps to protect against malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study described the diets of 132,489 children aged six to nine years from 23 countries participating in round four (2015-2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents or caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire that contained indicators of energy-balance-related behaviors (including diet). For each country, we calculated the percentage of children who consumed breakfast, fruit, vegetables, sweet snacks or soft drinks "every day", "most days (four to six days per week)", "some days (one to three days per week)", or "never or less than once a week". We reported these results stratified by country, sex, and region. On a daily basis, most children (78.5%) consumed breakfast, fewer than half (42.5%) consumed fruit, fewer than a quarter (22.6%) consumed fresh vegetables, and around one in ten consumed sweet snacks or soft drinks (10.3% and 9.4%, respectively); however, there were large between-country differences. This paper highlights an urgent need to create healthier food and drink environments, reinforce health systems to promote healthy diets, and continue to support child nutrition and obesity surveillance.

• Klíčová slova
• child, children, fruit, health, noncommunicable diseases, nutrition, obesity, soft drinks, surveillance, vegetables,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neinfekční nemoci prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• občerstvení MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• podpora zdraví * MeSH
• podvýživa prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• přijímání potravy fyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče * MeSH
• snídaně MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace * MeSH
• sycené nápoje MeSH
• výživa - přehledy * MeSH
• zdravá strava * MeSH
• zelenina MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH