Conifers have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in different disorders. Alkaloids, terpenes and polyphenols are the most abundant naturally occurring phytochemicals in these plants. Here, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry and related commercial products obtained from conifers. The pharmacological actions of different phytochemicals present in conifers against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also reviewed. Data obtained from experimental and clinical studies performed to date clearly underline that such compounds exert promising antioxidant effects, being able to inhibit cell damage, cancer growth, inflammation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made with the intent to highlight the importance of conifer-derived extracts for pharmacological purposes, with the support of relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental data. In short, this review comprehends the information published to date related to conifers' phytochemicals and illustrates their potential role as drugs.

• Keywords
• anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, conifers, neurodegenerative, oxidative stress, phytoconstituent,
• MeSH
• Tracheophyta chemistry   MeSH
• Phytochemicals chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
• Forests * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuroprotection drug effects   MeSH
• Plant Extracts therapeutic use   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Phytochemicals MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH

The use of metallic nanoparticles in engineering and biomedicine disciplines has gained considerable attention. Scientists are exploring new synthesis protocols of these substances considering their small size and lucrative antimicrobial potential. Among the most economical techniques of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles via chemical routes, which includes the use of chemicals as metal reducing agents, is considered to generate nanoparticles possessing toxicity and biological risk. This limitation of chemically synthesized nanoparticles has engendered the exploration for the ecofriendly synthesis process. Biological or green synthesis approaches have emerged as an effective solution to address the limitations of conventionally synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized via biological entities obtained from plant extracts exhibit superior effect in comparison to chemical methods. Recently, conifer extracts have been found to be effective in synthesizing metallic nanoparticles through a highly regulated process. The current review highlights the importance of conifers and its extracts in synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. It also discusses the different applications of the conifer extract mediated metallic nanoparticles.

• Keywords
• anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, catalytic, conifer extract, green synthesis, metallic nanoparticles, thrombolytic,
• MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Antioxidants pharmacology   MeSH
• Tracheophyta chemistry   MeSH
• Metal Nanoparticles chemistry   MeSH
• Green Chemistry Technology * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Infective Agents MeSH
• Antioxidants MeSH