Current energy and environmental challenges demand the development and design of multifunctional porous materials with tunable properties for catalysis, water purification, and energy conversion and storage. Because of their amenability to de novo reticular chemistry, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become key materials in this area. However, their usefulness is often limited by low chemical stability, conductivity and inappropriate pore sizes. Conductive two-dimensional (2D) materials with robust structural skeletons and/or functionalized surfaces can form stabilizing interactions with MOF components, enabling the fabrication of MOF nanocomposites with tunable pore characteristics. Graphene and its functional derivatives are the largest class of 2D materials and possess remarkable compositional versatility, structural diversity, and controllable surface chemistry. Here, we critically review current knowledge concerning the growth, structure, and properties of graphene derivatives, MOFs, and their graphene@MOF composites as well as the associated structure-property-performance relationships. Synthetic strategies for preparing graphene@MOF composites and tuning their properties are also comprehensively reviewed together with their applications in gas storage/separation, water purification, catalysis (organo-, electro-, and photocatalysis), and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Current challenges in the development of graphene@MOF hybrids and their practical applications are addressed, revealing areas for future investigation. We hope that this review will inspire further exploration of new graphene@MOF hybrids for energy, electronic, biomedical, and photocatalysis applications as well as studies on previously unreported properties of known hybrids to reveal potential "diamonds in the rough".

• MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• elektronika MeSH
• grafit * MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• porézní koordinační polymery * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• grafit * MeSH
• porézní koordinační polymery * MeSH

Our recent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of easy-to-use, quick, cheap, sensitive and selective detection of virus pathogens for the efficient monitoring and treatment of virus diseases. Early detection of viruses provides essential information about possible efficient and targeted treatments, prolongs the therapeutic window and hence reduces morbidity. Graphene is a lightweight, chemically stable and conductive material that can be successfully utilized for the detection of various virus strains. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be enhanced by its functionalization or combination with other materials. Introducing suitable functional groups and/or counterparts in the hybrid structure enables tuning of the optical and electrical properties, which is particularly attractive for rapid and easy-to-use virus detection. In this review, we cover all the different types of graphene-based sensors available for virus detection, including, e.g., photoluminescence and colorimetric sensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Various strategies of electrochemical detection of viruses based on, e.g., DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interactions, are also discussed. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based systems for sensing a variety of viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue fever, hepatitis C virus, HIV, rotavirus and Zika virus. General principles, mechanisms of action, advantages and drawbacks are presented to provide useful information for the further development and construction of advanced virus biosensors. We highlight that the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for engineering and miniaturization of biosensors.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosensor, Graphene, Nanocomposite, SARS-CoV-2, Virus,
• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * přístrojové vybavení   metody   trendy   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• DNA virů analýza   genetika   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky MeSH
• grafit * chemie   MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky * přístrojové vybavení   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kolorimetrie MeSH
• koronavirové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• kvantové tečky chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luminiscence MeSH
• nanostruktury chemie   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• povrchová plasmonová rezonance MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• reakce antigenu s protilátkou MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• testování na COVID-19 MeSH
• virologie metody   MeSH
• virová pneumonie diagnóza   epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• viry genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA virů MeSH
• grafit * MeSH