In recent years, the interest in the health-promoting effects of hop prenylflavonoids, especially its estrogenic effects, has grown. Unfortunately, one of the most potent phytoestrogens identified so far, 8-prenylnaringenin, is only a minor component of hops, so its isolation from hop materials for the production of estrogenically active food supplements has proved to be problematic. The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions (e.g., temperature, the length of the process and the amount of the catalyst) to produce 8-prenylnaringenin-rich material by the magnesium oxide-catalyzed thermal isomerization of desmethylxanthohumol. Under these optimized conditions, the yield of 8-prenylnaringenin was 29 mg per 100 gDW of product, corresponding to a >70% increase in its content relative to the starting material. This process may be applied in the production of functional foods or food supplements rich in 8-prenylnaringenin, which may then be utilized in therapeutic agents to help alleviate the symptoms of menopausal disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• 8-prenylnaringenin, desmethylxanthohumol, estrogenic activity, hop, phytoestrogens, prenylflavonoids,
• MeSH
• flavanony chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fytoestrogeny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Humulus chemie   MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid hořečnatý chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pivo analýza   MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• propiofenony chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 8-prenylnaringenin MeSH Prohlížeč
• flavanony MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytoestrogeny MeSH
• oxid hořečnatý MeSH
• propiofenony MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky MeSH
• xanthohumol MeSH Prohlížeč

Clostridioides (C.) difficile is an important causative pathogen of nosocomial gastrointestinal infections in humans with an increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The available treatment options against this pathogen are limited. The standard antibiotics are expensive, can promote emerging resistance, and the recurrence rate of the infection is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new approaches to meet these challenges. One of the possible treatment alternatives is to use compounds available in commonly used plants. In this study, purified extracts isolated from hops-alpha and beta acids and xanthohumol-were tested in vivo for their inhibitory effect against C. difficile. A rat model of the peroral intestinal infection by C. difficile has been developed. The results show that both xanthohumol and beta acids from hops exert a notable antimicrobial effect in the C. difficile infection. The xanthohumol application showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effect together with an improvement of local inflammatory signs in the large intestine. Thus, the hops compounds represent promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of intestinal infections caused by C. difficile.

• Klíčová slova
• C. difficile, hops, infection, rat model,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Viroids are small non-capsidated, single-stranded, covalently-closed circular noncoding RNA replicons of 239-401 nucleotides that exploit host factors for their replication, and some cause disease in several economically important crop plants, while others appear to be benign. The proposed mechanisms of viroid pathogenesis include direct interaction of the genomic viroid RNA with host factors and post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene silencing via viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) generated by the host defensive machinery. Humulus lupulus (hop) plants are hosts to several viroids among which Hop latent viroid (HLVd) and Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) are attractive model systems for the study of viroid-host interactions due to the symptomless infection of the former and severe symptoms induced by the latter in this indicator host. To better understand their interactions with hop plant, a comparative transcriptomic analysis based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to reveal the transcriptional alterations induced as a result of single HLVd and CBCVd infection in hop. Additionally, the effect of HLVd on the aggressiveness of CBCVd that underlies severe stunting in hop in a mixed infection was studied by transcriptomic analysis. Our analysis revealed that CBCVd infection resulted in dynamic changes in the activity of genes as compared to single HLVd infection and their mixed infection. The differentially expressed genes that are involved in defense, phytohormone signaling, photosynthesis and chloroplasts, RNA regulation, processing and binding; protein metabolism and modification; and other mechanisms were more modulated in the CBCVd infection of hop. Nevertheless, Gene Ontology (GO) classification and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the proteolysis mechanism is more active in a mixed infection as compared to a single one, suggesting co-infecting viroids may result in interference with host factors more prominently. Collectively, our results provide a deep transcriptome of hop and insight into complex single HLVd, CBCVd, and their coinfection in hop-plant interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• Citrus bark cracking viroid, Hop latent viroid, Humulus lupulus, co-infection, differentially expressed genes, transcriptome profiling,
• MeSH
• Humulus genetika   virologie   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin genetika   virologie   MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• viroidy patogenita   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), as a key ingredient for beer brewing, is also a source of many biologically active molecules. A notable compound, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), structurally belonging to the group of prenylated flavonoids, was shown to be a potent phytoestrogen, and thus, became the topic of active research. Here, we overview the pharmacological properties of 8-PN and its therapeutic opportunities. Due to its estrogenic effects, administration of 8-PN represents a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms that occur as a consequence of a progressive decline in hormone levels in women. Application of 8-PN in the treatment of menopause has been clinically examined with promising results. Other activities that have already been assessed include the potential to prevent bone-resorption or inhibition of tumor growth. On the other hand, the use of phytoestrogens is frequently questioned regarding possible adverse effects associated with long-term consumption. In conclusion, we emphasize the implications of using 8-PN in future treatments of menopausal and post-menopausal symptoms, including the need for precise evidence and further investigations to define the safety risks related to its therapeutic use.

• Klíčová slova
• 8-prenylnaringenin, hops, menopause, phytoestrogens,
• MeSH
• flavanony škodlivé účinky   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fytoestrogeny škodlivé účinky   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky škodlivé účinky   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Humulus chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menopauza účinky léků   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• postmenopauzální osteoporóza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 8-prenylnaringenin MeSH Prohlížeč
• flavanony MeSH
• fytoestrogeny MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky MeSH

Historically, hop cones (Humulus lupulus) have been used since ancient times as a remedy for many ailments and, as a source of polyphenols and bitter acids, is very effective in the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS). Hop flavonoids, particularly xanthohumol (XN), are substances with hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antiobesity activities. Iso-α-acids (IAA) and matured hop bitter acids (MHBA) improve health by influencing lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, and body weight. The modulatory effect of IAA and MHBA on lipid metabolism may also be responsible for a loss in body weight. These results suggest promising applications for IAA, MHBA, and XN in humans, particularly in the prevention of diet-induced obesity and diabetes.

• Klíčová slova
• cholesterol, diabetes, hops, iso-α-acids, matured hop bitter acids, metabolic syndrome, obesity, xanthohumol,
• MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test MeSH
• Humulus chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• propiofenony farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• propiofenony MeSH
• xanthohumol MeSH Prohlížeč