Pharmaceutical products are some of the most serious emergent pollutants in the environment, especially nowadays of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, nanogold-composite was prepared, and its catalytic activity for paracetamol degradation was investigated. Moreover, for the first time, recycled waste diatomite earth (WDE) from beer filtration was used for reproducible gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) preparation. We studied Au NPs by various psychical-chemical and analytical methods. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used for nanogold-composite morphology, size and shape characterization. Total element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. X-ray powder diffraction analysis was used for crystal structure characterization of samples. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to study the chemical changes before and after Au NP formation. The results revealed that the WDE served as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent for crystalline spherical 30 nm Au NPs as well as acting as a direct support matrix. The kinetics of paracetamol degradation was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. The conversion of paracetamol was 62% and 67% after 72 h in the absence or presence of light irradiation, respectively, with 0.0126 h-1 and 0.0148 h-1 reaction rate constants. The presented study demonstrates the successful use of waste material from the food industry for nanogold-composite preparation and its application as a promising catalyst in paracetamol removal.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosynthesis, Catalyst, Nanogold-composite, Nanoparticles, Paracetamol, Reproducibility,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• paracetamol chemie   MeSH
• zlato chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• paracetamol MeSH
• zlato MeSH

In the 21st century, nanomaterials play an increasingly important role in our lives with applications in many sectors, including agriculture, biomedicine, and biosensors. Over the last two decades, extensive research has been conducted to find ways to synthesise nanoparticles (NPs) via mediation with fungi or fungal extracts. Mycosynthesis can potentially be an energy-efficient, highly adjustable, environmentally benign alternative to conventional physico-chemical procedures. This review investigates the role of metal toxicity in fungi on cell growth and biochemical levels, and how their strategies of resistance, i.e., metal chelation, biomineral formation, biosorption, bioaccumulation, compartmentalisation, and efflux of metals from cells, contribute to the synthesis of metal-containing NPs used in different applications, e.g., biomedical, antimicrobial, catalytic, biosensing, and precision agriculture. The role of different synthesis conditions, including that of fungal biomolecules serving as nucleation centres or templates for NP synthesis, reducing agents, or capping agents in the synthesis process, is also discussed. The authors believe that future studies need to focus on the mechanism of NP synthesis, as well as on the influence of such conditions as pH, temperature, biomass, the concentration of the precursors, and volume of the fungal extracts on the efficiency of the mycosynthesis of NPs.

• Klíčová slova
• biomolecule, biosynthesis, fungus, green synthesis, metal oxide nanoparticle, metallic nanoparticle, nanomaterial,
• MeSH
• bioakumulace MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * MeSH
• redukční činidla MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• redukční činidla MeSH