Cilia are versatile, microtubule-based organelles that facilitate cellular signaling, motility, and environmental sensing in eukaryotic cells. These dynamic structures act as hubs for key developmental signaling pathways, while their assembly and disassembly are intricately regulated along cell cycle transitions. Recent findings show that factors regulating ciliogenesis and cilia dynamics often integrate their roles across other cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal organization, and intracellular trafficking, ensuring multilevel crosstalk of mechanisms controlling organogenesis. Disruptions in these shared regulators lead to broad defects associated with both ciliopathies and cancer. This review explores the crosstalk of regulatory mechanisms governing cilia assembly, disassembly, and maintenance during ciliary signaling and the cell cycle, along with the broader implications for development, tissue homeostasis, and disease.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer, Cell cycle regulation, Cilia, Ciliary dynamics, Ciliary signaling, Ciliopathies, Tissue development,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck originates from the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, tongue, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. In this review, we summarise what is currently known about the potential function of primary cilia in the pathogenesis of this disease. As primary cilia represent a key cellular structure for signal transduction and are related to cell proliferation, an understanding of their role in carcinogenesis is necessary for the design of new treatment approaches. Here, we introduce cilia-related signalling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its possible association with HNSCC tumorigenesis. From this point of view, PDGF, EGF, Wnt and Hh signalling are discussed as all these pathways were found to be dysregulated in HNSCC. Moreover, we review the clinical potential of small molecules affecting primary cilia signalling to target squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck area.

• Klíčová slova
• Hedgehog, PDGF, Wnt, head and neck cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, primary cilium, signalling pathway inhibitors,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Primary cilia are hair-like sensory organelles protruding from the surface of most human cells. As cilia are dynamic, several aspects of their biology can only be revealed by real-time analysis in living cells. Here we describe the generation of primary cilia reporter cell lines. Furthermore, we provide a detailed protocol of how to use the reporter cell lines for live-cell imaging microscopy analysis of primary cilia to study their growth as well as intraciliary transport. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bernatik et al. (2020) and Pejskova et al. (2020).

• Klíčová slova
• Cell Biology, Cell culture, Microscopy, Molecular Biology,
• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• cilie * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH