TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively used in various applications, highlighting the importance of ongoing research into their effects. This work belongs among rare whole-body inhalation studies investigating the effects of TiO2 NPs on mice. Unlike previous studies, the concentration of TiO2 NPs in the inhalation chamber (130.8 μg/m3) was significantly lower. This 11-week study on mice confirmed in vivo the presence of TiO2 NPs in lung macrophages and type II pneumocytes including their intracellular localization by using the electron microscopy and the state-of-the-art methods detecting NPs' chemical identity/crystal structure, such as the energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cathodoluminescence (CL), and detailed diffraction pattern analysis using powder nanobeam diffraction (PNBD). For the first time in inhalation study in vivo, the alterations in erythrocyte morphology with evidence of echinocytes and stomatocytes, accompanied by iron accumulation in spleen, liver, and kidney, are reported following NP's exposure. Together with the histopathological evidence of hyperaemia in the spleen and kidney, and haemosiderin presence in the spleen, the finding of NPs containing iron might suggest the increased decomposition of damaged erythrocytes. The detection of TiO2 NPs on erythrocytes through CL analysis confirmed their potential systemic availability. On the contrary, TiO2 NPs were not confirmed in other organs (spleen, liver, and kidney); Ti was detected only in the kidney near the detection limit.

• Klíčová slova
• cathodoluminescence, electron microscopy, lung, powder nanobeam diffraction, titanium dioxide nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• erytrocyty * účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * toxicita   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice * toxicita   MeSH
• plíce * účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
• titan * toxicita   farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• titan * MeSH
• titanium dioxide MeSH Prohlížeč

Nanoparticles are extremely promising components that are used in diagnostics and medical therapies. Among them, silica nanoparticles are ultrafine materials that, due to their unique physicochemical properties, have already been used in biomedicine, for instance, in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of three types of nanoparticles (SiO2, SiO2-SH, and SiO2-COOH) in relation to red blood cells, as well as the impact of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on biological membranes and liposome models of membranes. The results obtained prove that hemolytic toxicity depends on the concentration of nanoparticles and the incubation period. Silica nanoparticles have a marginal impact on the changes in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, except for SiO2-COOH, which, similarly to SiO2 and SiO2-SH, changes the shape of erythrocytes from discocytes mainly towards echinocytes. What is more, nanosilica has an impact on the change in fluidity of biological and model membranes. The research gives a new view of the practical possibilities for the use of large-grain nanoparticles in biomedicine.

• Klíčová slova
• biological membranes, erythrocyte membranes, erythrocytes, hemolytic toxicity, liposomes, osmotic resistance, silica nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• buněčná membrána MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• membrány MeSH
• nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH

The term "nanosilica" refers to materials containing ultrafine particles. They have gained a rapid increase in popularity in a variety of applications and in numerous aspects of human life. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, SiO2 nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in the field of biomedicine. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the cellular response to stress which is induced by the exposure of cells to both biogenic and pyrogenic silica nanoparticles and which may lead to their death. Both TEM and fluorescence microscopy investigations confirmed molecular changes in cells after treatment with silica nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds and intracellular RNS were determined in relation to HMEC-1 cells using the fluorimetric method. Apoptosis was quantified by microscopic assessment and by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the impact of nanosilica on cell migration and cell cycle arrest were determined. The obtained results compared the biological effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles extracted from Urtica dioica L. and pyrogenic material and indicated that both types of NPs have an impact on RNS production causing apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles did not cause cell cycle arrest, at the concentration of 50 μg/mL and higher they could disturb redox balance and stimulate cell migration.

• Klíčová slova
• HMEC-1, cell death, cell migration, oxidative stress, silica nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• endoteliální buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanočástice * chemie   MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH