Plant reactions to stress vary with development stage and fitness. This study assessed the relationship between light and chilling stress in Arabidopsis acclimation. By analysing the transcriptome and proteome responses of expanding leaves subjected to varying light intensity and cold, 2251 and 2064 early response genes and proteins were identified, respectively. Many of these represent as a yet unknown part of the early response to cold, illustrating a development-dependent response to stress and duality in plant adaptations. While standard light promoted photosynthetic upregulation, plastid maintenance, and increased resilience, low light triggered a unique metabolic shift, prioritizing ribosome biogenesis and lipid metabolism and attenuating the expression of genes associated with plant immunity. The comparison of early response in young leaves with that in expanded ones showed striking differences, suggesting a sacrifice of expanded leaves to support young ones. Validations of selected DEGs in mutant background confirmed a role of HSP90-1, transcription factor FLZ13, and Phospholipase A1 (PLIP) in response to cold, and the PLIP family emerged as crucial in promoting acclimation and freezing stress tolerance. The findings highlight the dynamic mechanisms that enable plants to adapt to challenging environments and pave the way for the development of genetically modified crops with enhanced freezing tolerance.

• Keywords
• acclimation, freezing tolerance, jasmonic acid, leaf development, lipidome, proteome, transcriptome,
• MeSH
• Acclimatization * physiology   radiation effects   MeSH
• Arabidopsis * physiology   radiation effects   genetics   MeSH
• Photosynthesis MeSH
• Plant Leaves * physiology   radiation effects   genetics   MeSH
• Cold Temperature * MeSH
• Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Proteome MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MeSH
• Light * MeSH
• Transcriptome MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Arabidopsis Proteins MeSH
• Proteome MeSH

Frost tolerance (FT) is generally acquired after exposure of plants to low, but non-freezing temperatures, where it is associated with the accumulation of COR proteins. The aim of the study was to reveal the effect of different temperature treatments (25, 17, 9 and 4 °C) on accumulation of cold-regulated dehydrins, dry weight content, and the development of FT in five wheat cultivars of different frost-tolerances in detail. The levels of cold-regulated dehydrins, WCS120 proteins in wheat were determined by immunoblot analysis, probed with an anti-dehydrin antibody. The lower the growth temperature: the higher the level of frost tolerance, dry weight content, and dehydrin accumulation, in all cultivars. There was a significant correlation between the level of induced FT and the accumulation of WCS120 proteins in cultivars grown at lower temperatures (9 and 4 °C). Moreover, the highly frost-tolerant wheat cultivars (as opposed to the lower-tolerant) accumulated higher levels of WCS120 proteins at 17 °C, a temperature at which it was not possible to differentiate between them via a frost test. Here, we demonstrated the possibility to distinguish differently frost-tolerant cultivars grown at different temperatures by the accumulation of different members of WCS120 family.

• Keywords
• LT50, Triticum aestivum, cold acclimation, controlled condition, dehydrins,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH