This review summarizes the current knowledge in the field of preparing new and/or innovative materials that can be advantageously used for the sorption of emerging pollutants from water. This paper highlights new innovative materials such as transition metal-modified biochar, zeolites, clays, carbon fibers, graphene, metal organic frameworks, and aerogels. These materials have great potential for the removal of heavy metals from water, particularly due to their large surface area, nanoscale size, and availability of various functionalities; moreover, they can easily be chemically modified and recycled. This paper not only highlights the advantages and ever-improving physicochemical properties of these new types of materials but also critically points out their shortcomings and suggests possible future directions.

• Klíčová slova
• biochar, graphene, metal organic framework, nanotubes, sorption, water-treatment sorbent,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Cellulose degradation is a critical process in soil ecosystems, playing a vital role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. Enzymatic degradation of cellulosic biomass is the most sustainable and green method of producing liquid biofuel. It has gained intensive research interest with future perspective as the majority of terrestrial lignocellulose biomass has a great potential to be used as a source of bioenergy. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose limits its use as a source of energy. Noteworthy enough, enzymatic conversion of cellulose biomass could be a leading future technology. Fungal enzymes play a central role in cellulose degradation. Our understanding of fungal cellulases has substantially redirected in the past few years with the discovery of a new class of enzymes and Cellulosome. Efforts have been made from time to time to develop an economically viable method of cellulose degradation. This review provides insights into the current state of knowledge regarding cellulose degradation in soil and identifies areas where further research is needed.

• Klíčová slova
• Biofuel, Cellulases, Cellulose degradation, Lignocellulose,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH