This review provides a comprehensive account of advances in the field of cholinesterase inhibitors isolated from the Buxaceae family. Naturally occurring anticholinesterases derived from plants are considered to be a potential source of new drug candidates for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is now universally accepted as an irreversible, incurable, and progressive neurological disorder. Initiating with memory impairment, propagating with cognitive deficit, and ultimately leading to death is the general pathway of AD. Lower level of acetylcholine in the brain is characterized as one of the prominent reasons for AD. The cholinergic hypothesis states that elevated levels of acetylcholine in the brain can alleviate symptoms of AD. Steroidal and terpenoidal alkaloids isolated from plants of the Buxaceae family have been reviewed here for their anticholinesterase activity. Most of them have shown in vitro inhibition of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.8). Although the general consensus has concluded that cholinesterase inhibitors may alleviate AD symptoms but cannot cure the disease, new drugs are still being sought to improve the quality of life of AD patients. Steroidal and terpenoidal anticholinesterase alkaloids can prove to be a promising group of AChE inhibitors.

• Keywords
• Alzheimer’s disease, Buxaceae, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase., cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibition,
• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease * drug therapy   MeSH
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors * therapeutic use   pharmacology   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plant Extracts * therapeutic use   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors * MeSH
• Plant Extracts * MeSH

Biomarkers are the most significant diagnosis tools tending towards unique approaches and solutions for the prevention and cure of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The current report provides a clear perception of the concept of various biomarkers and their prominent features through analysis to provide a possible solution for the inhibition of events in AD. Scientists around the world truly believe that crucial hallmarks can serve as critical tools in the early diagnosis, cure, and prevention, as well as the future of medicine. The awareness and understanding of such biomarkers would provide solutions to the puzzled mechanism of this neuronal disorder. Some of the argued biomarkers in the present article are still in an experimental phase as they need to undergo specific clinical trials before they can be considered for treatment.

• Keywords
• Alzheimer’s disease, biomarkers, diagnosis., neurodegenerative diseases, tau protein, β-amyloid peptide,
• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease * drug therapy   diagnosis   metabolism   MeSH
• Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism   antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Biomarkers * analysis   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• tau Proteins metabolism   antagonists & inhibitors   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Amyloid beta-Peptides MeSH
• Biomarkers * MeSH
• tau Proteins MeSH