This review summarizes the main results obtained in the fields of general and molecular microbiology and microbial genetics at the Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR) [formerly Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CAS)] over more than 50 years. Contribution of the founder of the Institute, academician Ivan Málek, to the introduction of these topics into the scientific program of the Institute of Microbiology and to further development of these studies is also included.

• MeSH
• Academies and Institutes history   MeSH
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial history   MeSH
• Molecular Biology history   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, 20th Century MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Historical Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Micrococcus glutamicus ATCC 13032, a glutamic acid-producing organism, was treated with 0.2M ethylmethane sulfonate, the auxotrophs isolated showing varied patterns of extracellular amino acids. Eighty auxotrophic strains were obtained, out of which 31 excreted 1.0-4.0 mg threonine per ml and all the auxotrophs required biotin for growth and production of the amino acid. Eleven auxotrophs produced 1.5 to 3.0 mg alanine per ml and these auxotrophs required amino acids for their growth. Other auxotrophs lost their excretion capacity in subsequent fermentation trials. Further mutation of the biotin-requiring auxotroph Micrococcus glutamicus EM with gamma rays resulted in the isolation of 89 auxotrophic strains, out of which 28 excreted threonine (up to 5.0 mg per ml) higher than the parent auxotroph. Exposure to X-rays yielded 97 auxotrophs, out of these 35 producing 1.0-3.0 mg methionine per ml and requiring biotin for growth and production of the amino acid. Other auxotrophs produced alanine (0.5 to 2.0 mg per ml) and threonine (2.0 to 3.3 mg per ml). Irradiation with gamma rays favoured the development of threonine producing auxotrophs while X-rays favoured methionine-producing auxotrophs.

• MeSH
• Alanine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Amino Acids biosynthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Biotin metabolism   MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Glutamates biosynthesis   MeSH
• Colorimetry MeSH
• Mesylates MeSH
• Methionine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Micrococcus isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Mutation * radiation effects   MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Chromatography, Paper MeSH
• Cell Count MeSH
• Radiation Genetics MeSH
• Cobalt Radioisotopes MeSH
• X-Rays MeSH
• Threonine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Alanine MeSH
• Amino Acids MeSH
• Biotin MeSH
• Glutamates MeSH
• Mesylates MeSH
• Methionine MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Cobalt Radioisotopes MeSH
• Threonine MeSH

Results obtained when studying conjugation in mycobacteria by means of different methods are summarized. The method of conjugation on surface of a solid complete medium was tested with different auxotrophic mutants of different strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. It was not possible to obtain positive results even by means of the above method. This was probably due to unsuitability of the chosen strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Preparation of the donor strain by transfer of the F factor from Escherichia coli F'ORF 1 ade+ lac+ pro+ to Mycobacterium phlei PA ade Stmr by means of sexduction is described. Frequency of the phenotype PA ade+ Stmr increased in the average by two and a half orders of magnitude with respect to the control, however, a further transfer from cultures of the cells ade+ Stmr to cells ade could not be demonstrated. Experiments aimed at transferring the R factor from strains Escherichia coli K-12 to Mycobacterium phlei were unsuccessful.

• MeSH
• Escherichia coli MeSH
• F Factor MeSH
• Conjugation, Genetic * MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Methylnitronitrosoguanidine MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Mycobacterium phlei growth & development   MeSH
• Mycobacterium * growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Culture Media MeSH
• Methylnitronitrosoguanidine MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacteriological Techniques MeSH
• Cell Division * MeSH
• Centrifugation MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Leucine metabolism   MeSH
• Methods MeSH
• Microscopy, Phase-Contrast MeSH
• Mycobacterium growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Cold Temperature MeSH
• Surface-Active Agents MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Culture Media MeSH
• Leucine MeSH
• Surface-Active Agents MeSH

• MeSH
• Alkanes pharmacology   MeSH
• Amino Acids MeSH
• Bacteriological Techniques MeSH
• Chromatography MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Glutamates biosynthesis   MeSH
• Caseins MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Sulfonic Acids pharmacology   MeSH
• Lysine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Micrococcus drug effects   growth & development   isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Mutagens * MeSH
• Proline biosynthesis   MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH
• Saccharomyces MeSH
• Valine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Vitamins MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Alkanes MeSH
• Amino Acids MeSH
• Glutamates MeSH
• Caseins MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Sulfonic Acids MeSH
• Lysine MeSH
• Mutagens * MeSH
• Proline MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH
• Valine MeSH
• Vitamins MeSH

• MeSH
• Alkanesulfonates pharmacology   MeSH
• Amino Acids metabolism   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Genetic Variation drug effects   MeSH
• Inositol metabolism   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Folic Acid metabolism   MeSH
• Nicotinic Acids metabolism   MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial MeSH
• Mutation drug effects   MeSH
• Mutagens pharmacology   MeSH
• Rhizobium drug effects   growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Streptomycin pharmacology   MeSH
• Cell Survival MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Alkanesulfonates MeSH
• Amino Acids MeSH
• Inositol MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Folic Acid MeSH
• Nicotinic Acids MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Streptomycin MeSH

• MeSH
• Acridines pharmacology   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Models, Biological MeSH
• Nitrites pharmacology   MeSH
• Guanidines pharmacology   MeSH
• Hydroxylamines pharmacology   MeSH
• Isoniazid pharmacology   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Sulfonic Acids pharmacology   MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial * MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Mycobacterium drug effects   growth & development   metabolism   radiation effects   MeSH
• Nitroso Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Pigmentation MeSH
• Selection, Genetic MeSH
• Streptomycin pharmacology   MeSH
• Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Acridines MeSH
• Nitrites MeSH
• Guanidines MeSH
• Hydroxylamines MeSH
• Isoniazid MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Sulfonic Acids MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Nitroso Compounds MeSH
• Streptomycin MeSH

• MeSH
• Guanidines pharmacology   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial MeSH
• Mutation * MeSH
• Mutagens pharmacology   MeSH
• Mycobacterium drug effects   growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Nitroso Compounds pharmacology   MeSH
• Pigmentation MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Guanidines MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Nitroso Compounds MeSH

• MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
• Nitrites * MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Genetics, Microbial * MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Mycobacterium * MeSH
• Streptomycin MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Nitrites * MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Mutagens MeSH
• Streptomycin MeSH