More than 40% of nosocomial infections are those of the urinary tract, most of these occurring in catheterized patients. Bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and catheters results not only in infection, but also various complications, such as blockage of catheters with crystalline deposits of bacterial origin, generation of gravels and pyelonephritis. The diversity of the biofilm microbial community increases with duration of catheter emplacement. One of the most important pathogens in this regard is Proteus mirabilis. The aims of this study were to identify and assess particular virulence factors present in catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) isolates, their correlation and linkages: three types of motility (swarming, swimming and twitching), the ability to swarm over urinary catheters, biofilm production in two types of media, urease production and adherence of bacterial cells to various types of urinary tract catheters. We examined 102 CAUTI isolates and 50 isolates taken from stool samples of healthy people. Among the microorganisms isolated from urinary catheters, significant differences were found in biofilm-forming ability and the swarming motility. In comparison with the control group, the microorganisms isolated from urinary catheters showed a wider spectrum of virulence factors. The virulence factors (twitching motility, swimming motility, swarming over various types of catheters and biofilm formation) were also more intensively expressed.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• faktory virulence metabolismus   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Proteus mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• katétrové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokomoce MeSH
• Proteus mirabilis izolace a purifikace   patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• faktory virulence MeSH
• ureasa MeSH

Infections of the urinary tract account for >40% of nosocomial infections; most of these are infections in catheterized patients. Bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and catheters causes not only the particular infection but also a number of complications, for example blockage of catheters with crystallic deposits of bacterial origin, generation of gravels and pyelonephritis. Infections of urinary catheters are only rarely single-species infections. The longer a patient is catheterized, the higher the diversity of biofilm microbial communities. The aims of this study were to investigate the microbial diversity on the catheters and to compare the ability to form biofilm among isolated microbial species. The next aim was to discriminate particular causative agents of infections of the urinary tract and their importance as biofilm formers in the microbial community on the urinary catheter. We examined catheters from 535 patients and isolated 1555 strains of microorganisms. Most of the catheters were infected by three or more microorganisms; only 12.5% showed monomicrobial infection. Among the microorganisms isolated from the urinary catheters, there were significant differences in biofilm-forming ability, and we therefore conclude that some microbial species have greater potential to cause a biofilm-based infection, whereas others can be only passive members of the biofilm community.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Candida klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• katétrové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vibrace ultrazvukové metody   MeSH
• zaváděcí katétry mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Fifteen lactic acid bacterial strains were isolated from blood cultures from 15 different patients in the Faculty Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic. All strains were identified using biochemical tests and repetitive PCR using the (GTG)5 primer. Doubtful identification results were confirmed by whole-cell protein analysis. The strains were assigned to the genera Lactobacillus (eight strains representing seven species), Leuconostoc (six strains representing four species) and Weissella (one strain). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the E-test and revealed high-level resistance to cotrimoxazol, metronidazole, vancomycin and teicoplanin, but nearly all strains were susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, ampicillin and penicillin.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   MeSH
• bakteriemie mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Lactobacillus genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Leuconostoc genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH

Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (O83:K24:H31) has been successfully used for prophylactic and therapeutic intestinal colonization of premature and newborn infants, with the aim of preventing nosocomial infections. Although E. coli A0 34/86 was described as a nonpathogenic commensal, partial sequencing revealed that its genome harbours gene clusters highly homologous to virulence determinants of different types of E. coli, including closely linked genes of the alpha-haemolysin operon (hlyCABD) and for the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf1). A haemolysin-deficient mutant (Delta hlyA) of E. coli A0 34/86 was generated and its colonization capacity was determined. The results show that a single dose of the A0 34/86 wild-type or Delta hlyA strains resulted in efficient intestinal colonization of newborn conventional piglets, and that this was still considerable after several weeks. No difference was observed between the wild-type and the mutant strains, showing that haemolysin expression does not contribute to intestinal colonization capacity of E. coli A0 34/86. Safety experiments revealed that survival of colostrum-deprived gnotobiotic newborn piglets was substantially higher upon colonization by the nonhaemolytic strain than following inoculation by its wild-type ancestor. We suggest that the E. coli A0 34/86 Delta hlyA mutant may represent a safer prophylactic and/or immunomodulatory tool with unaffected colonization capacity.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny genetika   MeSH
• delece genu MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• genetická vazba MeSH
• hemolyziny genetika   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů metody   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• nemoci prasat mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• hemolyziny MeSH
• Hlya protein, E coli MeSH Prohlížeč
• proteiny z Escherichia coli MeSH

Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is one of the few known protein toxins penetrating directly into the cytosol of target cells across their cytoplasmic membrane without the need for endocytosis. This capacity of ACT was recently exploited for in vivo delivery of single viral CD8(+) T-epitopes into MHC class I-presenting cells and induction of protective antiviral cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. Here, we have explored the potential of the cell-invasive adenylate cyclase domain of the toxin to deliver larger antigens by evaluating the epitope-specific CTL responses induced by constructs bearing one to four copies of the CD8(+) T-epitope from the nucleoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. The increase in the number of copies of the epitope was accompanied by a moderate decrease of the specific cell invasiveness of the ACT protein and did not lead to further enhancement of the level of induced epitope-specific CTL cells in mice, as compared to ACT with a single copy of the epitope. These results demonstrate the capacity of ACT to deliver larger heterologous antigens comprising several epitopes for antigenic presentation in vivo.

• MeSH
• adenylátcyklasový toxin * MeSH
• antigeny CD8 genetika   MeSH
• Bordetella pertussis chemie   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická MeSH
• epitopy MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence rodu Bordetella biosyntéza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenylátcyklasový toxin * MeSH
• antigeny CD8 MeSH
• epitopy MeSH
• faktory virulence rodu Bordetella MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH

The impact of Lps gene on the course of immune response against subcutaneous infection of mice with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain was studied. Production and specificity of antibodies, cytotoxic responses of macrophages and NK-cells, spontaneous production ex vivo of cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha in spleen cell cultures in C3H/HeJ (Lps(d)) mice in comparison with C3H/HeN (Lps(n)) mice were tested. The value of LD(50) was significantly different in the two strains of mice (8.0 x 10(5) cfu for C3H/HeJ versus 4.61 x 10(3) cfu for C3H/HeJ mice after subcutaneous inoculation). The production of NO(2) is also impaired in C3H/HeJ mice in the early intervals after infection. Thus, the defective Lps gene of C3H/HeJ mice influences both the level of innate resistance of mice to F. tularensis live vaccine strain infection and the process of induction and regulation of immune response against this intracellular bacterial pathogen.

• MeSH
• atenuované vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny klasifikace   imunologie   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny biosyntéza   MeSH
• Francisella tularensis imunologie   MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutantní kmeny myší MeSH
• myši inbrední C3H MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oxid dusnatý biosyntéza   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální biosyntéza   MeSH
• tularemie imunologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• atenuované vakcíny MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

Neopterin, a pteridine compound produced by macrophages activated by interferon-gamma, is widely used to assess the activation of cellular immunity. An elevation in serum or urinary neopterin reflects immune activation in many different disorders, including viral infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases or acute myocardial infarction, but less attention has been paid to neopterin concentration in other biological fluids. The aim of the present study was to examine neopterin concentration in gastric juice. An association with the presence of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium linked to the most common disorders of upper digestive tract, was also investigated. Gastric juice was obtained at endoscopy from 61 patients. Neopterin was determined by a radioimmunoassay and the presence of H. pylori was examined by urease test. The macroscopic finding of bile in gastric juice was associated with significantly higher neopterin levels compared to patients where no bile was noted (15.5 +/- 15.6 vs. 2.1 +/- 3.0 nmol/l, P < 0.001). However, similar concentrations were observed in the H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative patients (7.6 +/- 12.0 vs. 11.1 +/- 14.9 nmol/l). Even in the absence of macroscopic bile contamination, no significant difference could be found between the infected and uninfected patients (2.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 1.3 +/- 1.9 nmol/l), and the patients with duodenal ulcer and normal findings (3.8 +/- 4.6 vs 1.6 +/- 1.9 nmol/l). The contamination of gastric juice with bile represents the limitation for the use of neopterin as a marker of immune activation in the gastric mucosa. Rather than an index of immune activation, gastric juice neopterin concentration represents a marker of duodenogastric reflux.

• MeSH
• antrum pyloricum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• biopteriny analogy a deriváty   biosyntéza   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• neopterin MeSH
• radioimunoanalýza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ureasa metabolismus   MeSH
• žaludeční šťáva chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biopteriny MeSH
• neopterin MeSH
• ureasa MeSH