BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced disease may not be invited to participate in research based on the assumption that participation would be too burdensome for them. The aim of this study was to explore how patients with advanced disease and their relatives evaluate their experience with research participation. METHOD: This study used data from two parts of a larger project. The first dataset was a cross-sectional questionnaire study focused on priorities at the end of life. The second dataset used a longitudinal design with structured interviews on prognostic awareness. In both studies, participants evaluated their experience on a 5-point Likert scale and specified their motivation in an open-ended question. Data were collected in 6 hospitals in the Czech Republic with patients with advanced disease and life expectancy less than 1 year and their relatives. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests and thematic analysis. RESULTS: First dataset consisted of 167 patients and 102 relatives, and second dataset consisted of 135 patients and 92 relatives (in total, 496 respondents). Results were similar in both datasets, with half of the sample (53%, 48%) scoring neutral, and over 30% of the sample identified their experience as interesting. The most significant factors associated with the evaluation were religiosity (p = 0.001) and the type of diagnosis (p = 0.04). Motivation for participation was to improve care, support research, express own opinion, opportunity to talk and trusting relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with advanced disease and relatives do not mind participating in palliative care research, and it can be even a positive experience for them.

• Klíčová slova
• Family, Palliative care, Patients, Research ethics, Research participation, Research subjects,
• MeSH
• hospicová a paliativní ošetřovatelská péče * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paliativní péče * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population. Here we report on baseline prevalence from that study. METHODS: The study included the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results and other factors. RESULTS: The data show a large increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing - although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher. There were only minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and BMI categories, and results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among persons with history of symptoms (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants had no history of symptoms, and 28% of participants with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of vaccination. The difference between our results on seroprevalence and PCR testing suggests that antibody response provides a better marker of past infection than the routine testing program.

• Klíčová slova
• Viral infection,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Disturbances in the intestinal microbial community (i.e. dysbiosis) or presence of the microbes with deleterious effects on colonic mucosa has been linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. However the role of microbiota in induction and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS: Three lines of human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice were established by gavage of colon biopsy from three patients with active UC. The shift in microbial community during its transferring from humans to mice was analyzed by next-generation sequencing using Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Spontaneous or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and microbiota composition profiling in germ-free mice and HMA mice over 3-4 generations were assessed to decipher the features of the distinctive and crucial events occurring during microbial colonization and animal reproduction. RESULTS: None of the HMA mice developed colitis spontaneously. When treated with DSS, mice in F4 generation of one line of colonized mice (aHMA) developed colitis. Compared to the DSS-resistant earlier generations of aHMA mice, the F4 generation have increased abundance of Clostridium difficile and decrease abundance of C. symbiosum in their cecum contents measured by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: In our study, mucosa-associated microbes of UC patients were not able to induce spontaneous colitis in gnotobiotic BALB/c mice but they were able to increase the susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, once the potentially deleterious microbes found a suitable niche.

• Klíčová slova
• Dysbiosis, Germ-free mice, Microbiota, Ulcerative colitis,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluate the benefits of the cataract surgery in old patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before operation, on the first postoperative day and 6 months after surgery were assessed as well as changes in the quality of life using the modified test VF-8. The positive effect of the cataract surgery was proved in patients in this age group. Not only recovery of the visual functions, but also improvement of the orientation and of the quality of life was reported by those patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results we consider the cataract surgery indicated for old patients even with systemic morbidities.

• MeSH
• extrakce katarakty * MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The risk of breast cancer increases with increasing age. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the extent of breast and axillary surgery, including subsequent adjuvant therapy, in 80-year and older patients. METHODS: Between 2017 and 2021, 834 breast cancer patients were operated in the Surgical Department of the EUC Clinic. Ninety-eight women (2× with bilateral cancer) and 2 men were included in this retrospective study. A total of 102 breast cancer cases in patients older than 80 years were analyzed. The surgical procedure corresponded to the stage of the disease and the general condition of the patient. Adjuvant systemic therapy was indicated according to the same principles. RESULTS: At the time of surgery, the patients were more than 80 years old (80-96 years). The predominant type of invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed 83×, lobular carcinoma 6×, mucinous 6×, papillary carcinoma 4×, other 3×, with luminal A, B predominating (89×). The breast-conserving procedures were performed 63×. Sentinel node biopsy was performed 65×, supplemented by axillary lymph node dissection 13×. Primary axillary lymph node dissection was performed 15×. No axillary procedure was performed 23×. Radiotherapy was given 49×, chemotherapy 9× and hormonal therapy 82×. Local and regional recurrences were each observed 2×. A total of 37 patients died, 10 of them from breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of death in patients aged 80+ years is a cardiovascular disease, not breast cancer itself. This fact should be taken into account when determining the treatment plan.

• Klíčová slova
• 80 years, breast cancer, surgical therapy, surgical treatment,
• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• adjuvantní radioterapie MeSH
• axila MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
• duktální karcinom prsu chirurgie   patologie   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenektomie MeSH
• nádory prsu u mužů patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory prsu * patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• segmentální mastektomie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: During the 20th century, the life expectancy increased by 30 years. At the same time, the number of people living longer than that has grown significantly. The aim of this study was to investigate whether total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA) in patients over 80 years of age does not reduce their life expectancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study examined the data of patients who had undergone THA or TKA between 1994 and 2002 and were older than 80 years at the time of surgery. The study group was divided into a group of patients in whom elective total hip or knee arthroplasty was performed for arthritis and into a group of patients who underwent the same procedure for proximal femur fracture. The investigated parameter was the real survival, which was compared with the life expectancy predicted by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. We also monitored postoperative mortality and postoperative interval after which the life expectancy was no longer reduced. RESULTS: The study included 547 patients. Of whom, 96 patients underwent elective surgery (36%) and 351 patients underwent surgery for intracapsular hip fracture (64%). In the elective surgery group, the survival was longer than the national average: In the 80-84-year group, the median survival was 6.0 years vs. median life expectancy of 5.6 years; in the 85-89-year group, the median survival was 6.3 years vs. median life expectancy of 3.9 years. The fracture surgery group showed a decrease in the life expectancy compared to the national average - in the 80-84-year group, the median survival was 3.5 years vs. median life expectancy of 5.6 years, and in the 85-89-year group, the median survival was 2.9 years vs. median life expectancy of 3.9 years. The likelihood of postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the fracture group than in the elective group (p = 0.05 vs. 0.01), with the difference being the highest in the first 8 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Correctly indicated THA or TKA in patients over 80 years of age improves the quality of life of these patients and does not reduce the life expectancy. Intracapsular femoral neck fractures in patients of that age can still be considered as an indication for surgical treatment as a life-saving procedure. KEY WORDS: total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, osteoarthritis, hip fracture, life expectancy.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• naděje dožití * MeSH
• náhrada kyčelního kloubu * mortalita   metody   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Although evidence suggests that resistance training should be prescribed as a method to enhance or maintain physical fitness, these findings are mostly based on research on younger men. Studies investigating responses by sex and age to resistance training, especially in war veterans aged ≥50 years, are lacking. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine whether a 4-week resistance training program would have similar effects on body composition, muscular fitness, and flexibility in men and women aged 50−80 years. Methods: Seven-hundred and sixty-four participants were recruited and categorized into two groups each of men and women aged 50−64 and 65−80 years. The training intervention lasted 4 weeks and consisted of three 60 min sessions per week. All participants were tested for each of the following physical fitness components: body composition, push-ups in 30 s, chair-stands in 30 s, sit-ups in 30 s, and a sit-and-reach test. Results: Over the intervention period of 4 weeks, body weight (p = 0.002) and the percent of fat mass (p < 0.001) decreased, while the percent of lean mass (p < 0.001) in push-ups in 30 s (p < 0.001), chair-stands in 30 s (p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (p < 0.001), and sit-and-reach (p < 0.001) increased. Significant time*age interactions were shown for push-ups in 30 s (F1,763 = 4.348, p = 0.038) and chair-stands in 30 s (F1,763 = 9.552, p = 0.002), where men and women aged 50−64 years exhibited larger time-induced changes compared to their older (65−80 yr) counterparts. Effect sizes were similar between sex- and age-specific groups. Conclusions: The 4-week resistance training produced similar pronounced positive effects on body composition, muscular fitness, and flexibility, while men and women aged 50−64 years displayed significantly larger improvements in upper and lower muscular fitness compared with their 65−80-year-old counterparts.

• Klíčová slova
• age differences, aging, intervention-induced changes, performance, sex differences, strength,
• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• veteráni váleční * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Some people aged 80 years and older are "memory SuperAgers" (SAs), that is, they have the episodic memory of a sexagenarian. In a sample of 208 non-demented adults, we found that 12% were SAs. A total of 101 participants completed the 4-year study; of this subsample, 10.9% were stable SAs and 61.3% stable non-SAs across all assessments. The SA phenotype is conducive to further research.

• Klíčová slova
• SuperAgers, cognitive performance stability, episodic memory, healthy aging, longitudinal study,
• MeSH
• epizodická paměť * MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Influenza is a relatively serious infection that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Epidemics of influenza are reported almost every year. METHODS: Based on the Czech national all-cause mortality and acute respiratory infection/influenza-like illness surveillance data for the 1999/2000 to 2019/2020 influenza seasons, excess deaths attributable to influenza were estimated using the threshold derived as 90th percentile of death counts during nonepidemic periods. Daily death counts broken by the 5-year age intervals were modelled via Poisson generalised additive model. RESULTS: The estimated total number of excess deaths from influenza during study period was 22,306. Thus, the mean total of excess deaths related to influenza per season was 1062 for the age group 40-94 years. The total number of excess deaths increased steadily with age from the 40-44 age group to the 85-89 age group, which accounted for the highest percentage of excess deaths (17%), followed closely by the 80-84 age group (16%). The age groups 40-44 years and 45-49 years contributed the least (3% each). More than three quarters of excess deaths occurred at age 65 and over (17,027 cases; 76%). Relative numbers of excess deaths per 100,000 population peaked in the oldest age groups of 85-89 and 90-94 years. CONCLUSIONS: We estimate that at least 0.98% of all-cause mortality throughout the study period was attributable to influenza in the Czech Republic. This excess is not negligible, and public health actions in the field of influenza prevention are vitally needed.

• Klíčová slova
• excess mortality, influenza, morbidity, mortality,
• MeSH
• chřipka lidská * mortalita   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• roční období * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• zdraví * MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH