In the nineties of the previous century the overall and cardiovascular mortality significantly decreased. It was probably caused by positive changes in the food habits. However, during the last five years the mortality decrease has stopped despite of the further progress of medical care. Main risk factors of atherosclerosis have not been developing as favourable as they were at the beginning of nineties. It is partly due to less appropriate nutrition in comparison with primary countries of the European Union and the smoking habits.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• EUROPE *, GYNECOLOGY *, MORTALITY *, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS *,
• MeSH
• gynekologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC *, CHILD *, MORTALITY *,
• MeSH
• dětská úmrtnost * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dopravní nehody * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• úrazy a nehody * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

During transport rabbits may be exposed to various stressors which can compromise both their welfare and meat quality. Mortality related to the commercial transport of rabbits for slaughter was analyzed in the Czech Republic in the period from 2009 to 2016. The overall transport-related mortality of rabbits was 0.19%. Transport distance was found to have an impact on rabbit mortality; significantly (p < .001) greater losses were found in rabbits transported over longer distances. Mortality rates ranged from 0.02% in rabbits transported over distances of less than 50 km to 0.29% in rabbits transported over distances exceeding 400 km. A significantly (p < .001) increased risk was also associated with shipments in which 500 and more rabbits were delivered per batch. No effect of season was found. Our results show that rabbits can be transported within a wide range of temperatures (from -5 to 19.9°C) with no negative impact on mortality in transit. However, journeys carried out at temperatures below -5°C and above 20°C were associated with increased death losses (0.17% and 0.15%, respectively).

• Klíčová slova
• distance, mortality, rabbit, temperature, transport,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• doprava metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• jatka * MeSH
• králíci * MeSH
• kvalita jídla * MeSH
• maso * MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• pohoda zvířat MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

From data obtained by means of a questionnaire from Prague neonatologists from seven maternity hospitals and four intensiv care units in Prague in 1980-1984 a detailed analysis was made of the specific morbidity and mortality of neonates during the first seven days after birth in a large neonatal population, incl. causes of morbidity and mortality. The analysis was focused on the morbidity of those nosological non-inflammatory and inflammatory units which threaten the life of neonates, which cause morbidity and where mortality is the extreme pole. Data and causes were compared with analogous data from countries with the highest standard of neonatal care--Sweden and Finland. The authors outline the procedure used for analysis of the necessary data in order to differentiate inevitable and evitable risks which damage the foetus and neonate and they analyzed the causes of different data from obstetric practice focused on prevention of hypoxia, immaturity, lethal congenital defects and factors from differentiated neonatalogical care.

• MeSH
• kojenecká mortalita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci novorozenců prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH

OBJECTIVES: There has been insufficient evidence for a quantitative recommendation for dietary cholesterol, therefore, we aim to investigate the optimal cholesterol intake related to a lower all-cause mortality risk. METHODS: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a large population survey to investigate public health in the United States. We analysed data from 1999-2002 linked with mortality data obtained through 2006. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess risks for all-cause mortality associated with cholesterol intake. RESULTS: A total of 7,728 participants were analysed in the present study, and 519 assumed death events. Compared with the third quartile (216-373 mg/day) of cholesterol intake, the risks of mortality increased in both the first two and the last quartiles (quartile 1: HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.00; quartile 2: HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.94-1.60; quartile 4: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.83). The association between cholesterol intake and the risk of all-cause mortality followed a U-shaped curve, with the cholesterol intake associated with the lowest mortality being 328 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests an optimal cholesterol intake for lowering the all-cause mortality risk.

• Klíčová slova
• NHANES, U-shaped curve, all-cause mortality, cholesterol intake, dietary,
• MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH

BACKGROUND: We assessed trends in aortic dissection (AD) death rates in 23 countries from 2000 to 2017. METHODS: We extracted AD mortality data for countries with high usability data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database and from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) WONDER Database for the United States of America (USA). Age Standardized Death Rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population were computed. Trends were assessed by locally weighted scatter plot smoother (LOWESS) regression. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2017, ASDRs from AD decreased in Australia, Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, France, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the USA for both sexes. Increasing AD mortality was observed in Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Israel, and Japan for both sexes. The largest absolute increases in ASDR were in Japan for men (+1.59) and women (+1.11). The largest percentage decreases were in Norway for men (-0.91) and in New Zealand (-0.6) for women. In 2017, the highest mortality rates were in Japan for both sexes (3.22 and 2.09, respectively). The lowest ASDR was in Kyrgyzstan for both sexes (0.16 and 0.10, respectively). ASDRs for AD in 2017 were higher for men than women in all countries included. Spain had the greatest difference between the gender's mortality rates with a 2.71-fold higher mortality average rate in men. CONCLUSION: We identified an overall decrease in AD mortality in most included countries, while an increase was noted in other countries including Israel and Japan.

• Klíčová slova
• Aortic dissection, Mortality, WHO,
• MeSH
• disekce aorty * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Norsko MeSH
• Spojené království epidemiologie   MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• MENTAL DISORDERS/statistics *, MORTALITY *,
• MeSH
• biometrie * MeSH
• duševně nemocní * MeSH
• duševní poruchy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• nemocnice * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Unfavourable trends in Czech republic (CR) started in the sixties and peaked in the late eighties i.e. in years when a dramatic mortality fall was observed in most western european countries. So, CR belonged among those Eastern European countries in that total and cardiovascular mortality showed increasing and alarming trends. West Bohemia Region (WB) was characterised by the concentration of heavy industry and high environmental pollution. Because of its geographical position on the western frontier, it was generally restricted in capital investment in the past. We wondered whether these phenomenon were reflected in higher mortality rates than in the rest of CR and which changes occurred after the year 1989. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared the age standardized mortality data from 1988, 91, 93 and 95 in CR and WB for total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease, strokes, malignancies and respiratory diseases. Data were age-adjusted for "World Population Standards" and rates were given for 100,000 inhabitants. In the whole CR a significant decrease of total, cardiovascular and cancer mortality was observed from 1988 to 1995. In WB these trends were similar, however in comparison to the whole CR the mortality rates remained in each respective period higher for total, cancer (mainly lung cancer) mortality and for non specific respiratory disease. In contrast, the coronary mortality rates in CR and WB were similar, however in WB after a temporary decrease in 1993 a significant increase in 1995 was observed. On the other hand the stroke mortality rates which were until 1993 in WB higher, significantly decreased in 1995 below the rates for CR. The cause of higher mortality rates in WB are far from being clear. To elucidate this observation epidemiologic studies of environmental pollution, life style of the population and socioeconomic factors are necessary, even as a further monitoring of regional mortality rates and trends.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Assessing the association between temperature frequency and mortality can provide insights into human adaptation to local ambient temperatures. We collected daily time-series data on mortality and temperature from 757 locations in 47 countries/regions during 1979-2020. We used a two-stage time series design to assess the association between temperature frequency and all-cause mortality. The results were pooled at the national, regional, and global levels. We observed a consistent decrease in the risk of mortality as the normalized frequency of temperature increases across the globe. The average increase in mortality risk comparing the 10th to 100th percentile of normalized frequency was 13.03% (95% CI: 12.17-13.91), with substantial regional differences (from 4.56% in Australia and New Zealand to 33.06% in South Europe). The highest increase in mortality was observed for high-income countries (13.58%, 95% CI: 12.56-14.61), followed by lower-middle-income countries (12.34%, 95% CI: 9.27-15.51). This study observed a declining risk of mortality associated with higher temperature frequency. Our findings suggest that populations can adapt to their local climate with frequent exposure, with the adapting ability varying geographically due to differences in climatic and socioeconomic characteristics.

• Klíčová slova
• Adaptation, Climate change, Frequency, Mortality, Temperature,
• MeSH
• aklimatizace fyziologie   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita * trendy   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vysoká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH
• Nový Zéland MeSH