Lymphatic transport of drugs after oral administration is an important physiological process in highly lipophilic compounds, such as cannabidiol (CBD). The majority of lymphatic transport studies have been historically conducted in anesthetized rats. However, this animal model differs significantly from the humans regarding both anatomical and physiological features. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a novel animal model using pigs and to provide an interspecies comparison for the lymphatic transport of CBD. The thoracic lymph duct was cannulated via thoracotomy in three pigs and lymph and blood were sampled from conscious animals to assess the lymphatic transport parameters and basic pharmacokinetic parameters of CBD administered in two distinct drug formulations (sesame oil-based solution and nanoemulsion) using a two-period cross-over study design. The mean ± SD oral bioavailability (F) was 6.1 ± 0.9% for the oil solution and 9.2 ± 6.6% for the nanoemulsion. The relative bioavailability via lymph (FRL), i.e. the percentage of the systemically available drug that has been transported through the mesenteric lymph, was 20 ± 10% and 11 ± 13%, respectively. Whereas the FRL for the oil solution was 2.3-fold lower in pigs compared to rats, the FRL for the nanoemulsion was almost identical for both species. In conclusion, the lymphatic transport of CBD plays an important role after its oral administration. The particular parameters differed significantly between the rodent and higher non-rodent species. The use of higher species models is therefore warranted for the lymphatic transport assessment in settings close to humans.
- Klíčová slova
- Cannabinoids, animal model development, interspecies comparison, lymph sampling, oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetics,
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- ductus thoracicus * metabolismus MeSH
- emulze MeSH
- kanabidiol * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika metabolismus MeSH
- klinické křížové studie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lymfa * metabolismus MeSH
- lymfatický systém metabolismus MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- emulze MeSH
- kanabidiol * MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains a leading opportunistic infection in people with HIV and severe immunodeficiency. While PJP treatment has been well studied, the clinical significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA detection during PJP and the role of specific anti-CMV therapy remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between CMV DNA detection, anti-CMV therapy, and clinical outcomes in people with HIV hospitalized with PJP. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study examined people with HIV hospitalized with PJP between 2008 and 2022 at University Hospital Bulovka. A customized severity index was developed for this cohort. In-hospital mortality, one-year survival, and disease severity were assessed, focusing on CMV DNA detection and its treatment. Data were analyzed using Firth penalized logistic regression to identify associations with clinical outcomes, and ordinal logistic regression to assess predictors of severity scores in this observational cohort. RESULTS: One hundred and one patients were included. In unadjusted analyses, CMV DNA detection was associated with higher odds of both in-hospital and one-year mortality, and anti-CMV therapy was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. In multivariable analyses, CMV DNA detection was not independently associated with in-hospital or one-year mortality, although point estimates consistently suggested higher odds of death. Receipt of anti-CMV therapy was not independently associated with mortality after adjustment. The severity index was independently associated with both in-hospital and one-year mortality. CMV DNA detection and anti-CMV therapy were independently associated with greater disease severity in ordinal regression analyses. Anti-CMV therapy was more frequently administered to patients with more severe disease and was also associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: CMV DNA detection in people with HIV hospitalized with PJP was associated with worse outcomes. Anti-CMV therapy was more often used in severe cases and showed an association with in-hospital mortality in unadjusted analyses. The observational design precludes determination of causality.
- Klíčová slova
- HIV infection, acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome, antiviral treatment, cytomegalovirus reactivation, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, severity index,
- MeSH
- antivirové látky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce * farmakoterapie virologie komplikace mortalita MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus * fyziologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA virů MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- HIV infekce * komplikace farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
- oportunní infekce doprovázející AIDS * farmakoterapie virologie mortalita MeSH
- Pneumocystis carinii MeSH
- pneumocystová pneumonie * komplikace farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antivirové látky * MeSH
- DNA virů MeSH
Climate change poses a serious threat to global agriculture, biodiversity, and food security, underscoring the need to develop crops with enhanced resilience to abiotic stresses. Methodological advancements in transcriptomics and metabolomics have revolutionized the assessment of crop stress resilience, providing comprehensive and high-resolution insights into plant responses at the molecular and biochemical levels. Transcriptomics enables detailed profiling of gene expression patterns and regulatory networks activated under stress conditions, whereas metabolomics offers comprehensive profiling of metabolites involved in stress adaptation, signaling, and cellular homeostasis. Recent innovations in high-throughput sequencing, long-read transcriptomics, and advanced mass spectrometry techniques have expanded analytical sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review critically examines the latest methodological developments in transcriptomics and metabolomics, emphasizing their synergistic potential in decoding plant stress resilience. In addition, we discuss key challenges in cross-omics data integration, including computational complexity, standardization, and environmental variability, and highlight emerging solutions such as spatial omics, AI-assisted analytics, and high-throughput phenotyping. By utilizing these cutting-edge methodologies, researchers can enhance predictive modeling, accelerate stress-resilient crop breeding programs, and contribute to the development of climate-smart agriculture, ultimately supporting global food security. With advanced technologies, researchers can better understand complex regulatory networks, identify resilience-associated biomarkers, and accelerate the development of climate-resilient crops. Climate-resilient crops can be developed by understanding complex regulatory networks and identifying resilience-associated biomarkers. Ultimately, integrative omics approaches will play a crucial role in supporting sustainable agriculture and global food security. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics with AI-based analytics offers new precision tools for evaluating crop stress.
- Klíčová slova
- crop resilience, data integration, machine learning, metabolomics, transcriptomics,
- MeSH
- fyziologický stres * genetika MeSH
- klimatické změny MeSH
- metabolomika * metody MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese * metody MeSH
- transkriptom * MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny * genetika metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical condition, particularly in the elderly. Standard treatment with burr-hole evacuation may be insufficient in septated or recurrent cases. Endoscopic techniques improve visualization and completeness of evacuation, but dedicated cranial neuroendoscopes are not universally available. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can a spinal rigid endoscope be safely and effectively repurposed for the endoscopic evacuation of recurrent, septated cSDH? MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a single-case proof-of-concept study using a rigid spinal endoscope (Elliquence, LLC) originally designed for spine surgery. The system includes a 30° angled optic, integrated working channel, and compatibility with suction, irrigation, and bipolar coagulation tools. A small frontoparietal craniotomy was performed, and the spinal endoscope was introduced into the subdural space for inspection, evacuation, and hemostasis. RESULTS: The endoscope enabled visualization of organized clots, fibrous septa, and fragile neovessels, all of which were managed under direct vision. A subdural drain was accurately placed. Postoperative CT confirmed significant hematoma reduction by 83 % and midline re-expansion. The patient experienced full neurological recovery without complications. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Repurposing a spinal endoscope provides a practical alternative for endoscopic cSDH evacuation, particularly in settings lacking cranial neuroendoscopic systems. The technique enhances visualization, enables membrane and vessel management, and supports precise drain placement. Further studies are warranted to assess efficacy, safety, and reproducibility in larger cohorts.
- Klíčová slova
- Chronic subdural hematoma, Minimally invasive surgery, Neuroendoscopy, Septated hematoma, Spinal endoscope, hematoma evacuation,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: High-channel-count neuroprostheses could one day restore functional vision in blind individuals by delivering electrical pulses to electrodes in the visual cortex that elicit perceptions known as 'phosphenes'. However, if a high number of electrodes are used, it becomes challenging and time-consuming to map the visual field locations of all phosphenes. Furthermore, many blind users are not able to maintain stable fixation, impeding the localization of phosphenes, or may perceive spontaneous visual phenomena that interfere with detection of electrically induced phosphenes. OBJECTIVE: To introduce and evaluate NEural Unsupervised electrode mapping (NEUmap), a rapid, largely automated method for phosphene mapping that extracts spatial patterns from spontaneous activity across the visual cortex. METHODS: As correlations between neuronal activity on nearby electrodes are stronger than those between distant electrodes, we first use dimensionality-reduction algorithms to generate maps of relative positions of electrodes. We then determine visual field coordinates of phosphenes. To this aim, the subject manually reports phosphene locations for a small subset of electrodes, which we call 'anchor points', e.g. by pointing or drawing phosphene locations on a tablet. NEUmap then aligns the anchor points to the map of relative distances to obtain an estimate of the visual field coordinates of all phosphenes. RESULTS: NEUmap was applied to data recorded from 896 V1 electrodes in each of two sighted monkeys, and 96 V1/V2 electrodes in each of 3 blind human volunteers. NEUmap generated high quality maps across ∼300-700 electrodes in each of the monkeys and across 73-91 electrodes in each of the human volunteers. CONCLUSION: Existing clinical methods of phosphene mapping on many electrodes are tedious. NEUmap can alleviate some of this burden for future prosthesis users by permitting the mapping of hundreds of electrodes using less than a second of resting-state data.
- Klíčová slova
- Area V1, Blindness, Human, Macaque, Phosphene mapping, Primary visual cortex, Visual prosthesis,
- MeSH
- fosfeny * fyziologie MeSH
- implantované elektrody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Macaca mulatta MeSH
- mapování mozku * metody MeSH
- neurony * fyziologie MeSH
- slepota patofyziologie MeSH
- zraková percepce * fyziologie MeSH
- zrakové korové centrum * fyziologie MeSH
- zrakové protézy * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Several studies have documented the essentiality of breakfast as the most important meal and its significance for the overall wellbeing of human health. However, to accomplish receiving a healthy breakfast daily in reality is a dream for people residing in underprivileged countries along with those belonging to weaker sections, who find it challenging to get a single meal a day. The current review emphasizes on the utilization of fruit waste for enrichment of cereal-derived breakfast food. Various types of fruit waste, such as peels, seeds, and pomaces, are abundant source of phytochemicals, playing a critical role in human health. Enriching different types of cereal-based food products with fruit waste not only diminishes the likelihood of malnutrition but also enhances the affordability of food products in low-income countries. The findings from the review show that the inclusion of fruit pomaces, seeds, and peels improves the organoleptic properties and overall quality of the items served as breakfast. It is pertinent to mention that at certain instances, enrichment with fruit waste at higher concentrations could create some color differences. Numerous pre-clinical as well as clinical studies have shown that fortified cereal-derived breakfast food products help in diabetes management and enhance the antioxidant activities. Lastly, the review also summarizes the safety characteristics of these fruit waste while using them in various food products.
- Klíčová slova
- Functional food, Human health, Malnutrition, Plant waste, Safety,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The prognosis of untreated spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) is unfavorable. Current outcome scales used to assess the effect of surgery or endovascular treatment (EVT) rely largely on patient-reported symptoms and may underestimate actual impairment. Moreover, prognostic factors remain debated and conclusions in the literature are inconsistent. RESEARCH QUESTION: The aim was to quantify urological outcomes after SDAVF embolization using specialized urodynamic testing, compare these objective findings with subjective outcomes derived from traditional scales, and identify prognostic factors associated with unfavorable clinical results. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective study, all patients underwent EVT as first-line therapy. Clinical status was assessed using Aminoff-Logue scale (ALS), compared with preoperative data, and correlated with angiographic findings. Urodynamic testing was performed to objectively evaluate bladder function. RESULTS: Twent-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Urodynamic testing was performed in 14 (58 %) patients. The most frequent abnormal finding was bladder hyposensitivity (79 %), followed by pathological post-void residual volume (64 %) and elevated bladder capacity (50 %). Six (43 %) patients reported no subjective urological symptoms (ALS = 0); urodynamic testing revealed two or more pathological parameters in all of them. EVT failure and subsequent surgery predicted gait deterioration (p = 0.011) as well as detrusor overactivity (p = 0.001). Symptom duration over one year (p = 0.038) and fistula location above the T9 level (p = 0.021) were negative prognostic factors for bladder function. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a potential underestimation of urological impairment when relying on subjective scales and highlight the need for standardized urodynamic testing. They also emphasize the importance of early treatment of SDAVF.
- Klíčová slova
- Prognostic factors -embolization, Spinal dural fistula, Urodynamic testing,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The increasing use of educational video materials has provided an alternative to traditional apprenticeship-models in surgical education. We aim to evaluate if video materials are as effective as hands-on tutoring in teaching basic microsuturing skills. Additionally, we want to see if the magnification device (microscope vs. exoscope) affects learning outcomes. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is video-based instruction an effective alternative to hands-on tutoring in teaching basic microsuturing skills to novices? MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed an 8-h training program with videos to teach basic microsuturing skills to novices. Thirty medical students from two large medical universities in Europe (Helsinki and Prague) were randomised to receive either video instructions only (n = 20) or hands-on tutoring and video instruction (n = 10). Participants were further assigned to using either an exoscope (n = 15) or a microscope (n = 15) in their training. We assessed skill acquisition using a standardized microsuturing test task. All tasks were recorded and scored based task speed, quality of the suturing and the number of errors. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated significant improvement in suturing speed, qualitative assessment, and fewer errors. Video instructions only produced non-inferior results to hands-on tutoring in the improvement in speed, error count and quality of sutures. No significant differences were found when comparing microscope and exoscope users. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Video-based instruction and hands-on tutoring seem equally effective in teaching basic microsuturing to surgical novices, irrespective of the magnification device used. Video-materials can be utilized in microsurgical laboratory training of novices as a more resource-efficient teaching method compared to hands-on tutoring.
- Klíčová slova
- Exoscope, Neurosurgery, Surgical training, Video education,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aneurysms of the callosomarginal artery (CMA), a major branch of the pericallosal artery, are rare and typically located at the CMA-pericallosal bifurcation. These distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms comprise 1.5 %-9 % of all intracranial aneurysms and are usually saccular. Fusiform aneurysms in this location are exceedingly uncommon and present unique management challenges due to their morphology and location. This report describes the management of a ruptured fusiform CMA aneurysm and discusses key technical aspects of microsurgical planning and reconstruction. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 60-year-old smoker presented with a one-week history of severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging revealed a ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the distal callosomarginal artery. Given the aneurysm's location and morphology, open surgical treatment was chosen. The aneurysm was excised, and after careful mobilization, the affected vessel was reconstructed with a tension-free end-to-end anastomosis. Histological and microbiological analysis of the aneurysm and abnormal arachnoid showed no signs of mycotic origin. A cardiological evaluation ruled out infective endocarditis. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up angiography confirmed complete aneurysm resection with vessel patency. The patient was started on lifelong antiplatelet therapy and remained asymptomatic with full functional recovery at the one and two year follow-up. CONCLUSION: While endovascular options are expanding, distal aneurysms in small-caliber vessels remain inaccessible in most cases. Direct microsurgical vessel reconstruction offers a durable and definitive treatment option in carefully selected cases. Microsurgical training and expertise in vascular reconstruction are essential for managing complex vascular lesions that fall beyond the reach of endovascular therapy.
- Klíčová slova
- Aneurysm excision, Callosomarginal artery, Distal anterior cerebral artery, End-to-end anastomosis, Fusiform aneurysm, Microsurgical reconstruction,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Little qualitative literature has focused on women's motivations to undergo cosmetic/aesthetic surgery and their lived experiences throughout the surgery process (e.g., before, during, and after). To fill this gap, we interviewed 15 Czech women aged 30-55 and conducted non-participatory observations at aesthetic surgery clinics. We conducted a thematic analysis from which we generated three overarching themes. Broadly, participants discussed the normalisation of cosmetic/aesthetic surgery in society and the importance of undergoing cosmetic/aesthetic surgery for themselves while "in the shadow" for others. Participants also articulated how medical aesthetic encounters with aesthetic surgeon(s) influence their cosmetic/aesthetic surgery journeys. Finally, some women expressed decision regrets immediately after surgery or later during the recovery process. The presented results are the testimony of women who respond and negotiate differently to the pressures of gendered sociocultural norms and expectations associated with the body and its physicality. These findings seek to contribute to contemporary debates on gendered bodywork and self-care as a broader component of well-being and health from both theoretical and empirical perspectives and to focus on the ageing female body moving through the era of gender and cosmetic/aesthetic surgery.
- Klíčová slova
- Anti-ageing, aesthetic surgery, beauty, cosmetic surgery, experiences, gender, motivations,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- plastická chirurgie * psychologie MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- stárnutí * psychologie MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
