Organophosphates, useful agents as pesticides, also represent a serious danger due to their high acute toxicity. There is indication that oximes, when administered before organophosphate exposure, can protect from these toxic effects. We have tested at equitoxic dosage (25% of LD01 ) the prophylactic efficacy of five experimental (K-48, K-53, K-74, K-75, K-203) and two established oximes (pralidoxime and obidoxime) to protect from mortality induced by the organophosphate paraoxon. Mortalities were quantified by Cox analysis and compared with those observed after pretreatment with a strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (10-methylacridine) and after the FDA-approved pretreatment compound pyridostigmine. All nine tested substances statistically significantly reduced paraoxon-induced mortality. Best protection was conferred by the experimental oxime K-48, reducing the relative risk of death (RR) to 0.10, which was statistically significantly superior to pyridostigmine (RR = 0.31). The other oximes reduced the RR to 0.13 (obidoxime), 0.20 (K-203), 0.21 (K-74), 0.24 (K-75) and 0.26 (pralidoxime), which were significantly more efficacious than 10-methylacridine (RR = 0.65). These data support the hypothesis that protective efficacy is not primarily due to cholinesterase inhibition and indicate that the tested experimental oximes may be considered promising alternatives to the established pretreatment compound pyridostigmine.

• Klíčová slova
• Cox analysis, carbamates, cholinesterase, organophosphate, oximes, paraoxon, pretreatment, prophylaxis, rat,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• ochranné látky aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• paraoxon chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pralidoximové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• ochranné látky MeSH
• paraoxon MeSH
• pralidoxime MeSH Prohlížeč
• pralidoximové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH

Tabun belongs to the most toxic nerve agents. Its mechanism of action is based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition at the peripheral and central nervous systems. Therapeutic countermeasures comprise administration of atropine with cholinesterase reactivators able to reactivate the inhibited enzyme. Reactivation of AChE is determined mostly biochemically without specification of different brain structures. Histochemical determination allows a fine search for different structures but is performed mostly without quantitative evaluation. In rats intoxicated with tabun and treated with a combination of atropine and HI-6, obidoxime, or new oxime K048, AChE activities in different brain structures were determined using biochemical and quantitative histochemical methods. Inhibition of AChE following untreated tabun intoxication was different in the various brain structures, having the highest degree in the frontal cortex and reticular formation and lowest in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Treatment resulted in an increase of AChE activity detected by both methods. The highest increase was observed in the frontal cortex. This reactivation was increased in the order HI-6 < K048 < obidoxime; however, this order was not uniform for all brain parts studied. A correlation between AChE activity detected by histochemical and biochemical methods was demonstrated. The results suggest that for the mechanism of action of the nerve agent tabun, reactivation in various parts of the brain is not of the same physiological importance. AChE activity in the pontomedullar area and frontal cortex seems to be the most important for the therapeutic effect of the reactivators. HI-6 was not a good reactivator for the treatment of tabun intoxication.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• atropin MeSH
• čelní lalok účinky léků   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky toxicita   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• GPI-vázané proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• organofosfáty aplikace a dávkování   antagonisté a inhibitory   toxicita   MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• oximy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• retikulární formace účinky léků   enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-4-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)butane MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• Ache protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• atropin MeSH
• chemické bojové látky MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• GPI-vázané proteiny MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosfáty MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH
• tabun MeSH Prohlížeč

The ability of the newly developed bispyridinium compound K203 and its fluorinated analogue KR-22836 to reduce tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with the currently available reactivator of acetylcholinesterase-obidoxime. Tabun-induced neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effects of all tested oximes in combination with atropine in rats poisoned with tabun at a sublethal dose (200 μg/kg intramuscularly (i.m.); 80% of LD(50) value) were monitored by a functional observational battery at 24 hr after tabun challenge. The results indicate that all tested oximes combined with atropine were able to survive tabun-poisoned rats 24 hr after tabun challenge while one non-treated tabun-poisoned rat died within 24 hr after tabun poisoning. All tested oximes combined with atropine were able to decrease tabun-induced neurotoxicity in the case of sublethal poisoning but they did not eliminate all tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. While the ability to reduce tabun-induced acute neurotoxicity of obidoxime and K203 was similar, the neuroprotective efficacy of KR-22836 was slightly higher compared to other tested oximes. Thus, the newly developed fluorinated analogue of K203, called KR-22836, is able to slightly increase the neuroprotective effectiveness of antidotal treatment of acute tabun poisonings compared to K203 and currently available obidoxime.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém účinky léků   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky otrava   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• hyperkineze chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• neurotoxické syndromy etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• organofosfáty MeSH
• otrava organofosfáty * MeSH
• oximy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• svalový tonus účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene MeSH Prohlížeč
• 1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)but-2-ene MeSH Prohlížeč
• chemické bojové látky MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosfáty MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• tabun MeSH Prohlížeč

Oxime reactivators HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, K347 and K628 were investigated as drugs designed for treatment of tabun intoxication. The experiments were performed on rats in order to simulate real conditions. Rats were intoxicated with one LD(50 )of tabun and treated with atropine and mentioned reactivators. Activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and brain AChE were measured as markers of reactivation efficacy. An estimation of low molecular weight antioxidant levels using cyclic voltammetry was the second examination parameter. The evaluation of cholinesterases activity showed good reactivation potency of blood AChE and plasma BChE by commercially available obidoxime and newly synthesized K347. The potency of oximes to reactivate brain AChE was lower due to the poor blood-brain barrier penetration of used compounds. Commercially available reactivator HI-6 and newly synthesized K628 caused oxidative stress measured by cyclic voltammetry as antioxidant level. The oxidative stress provoked by HI-6 and K628 was found to be significant on probability level P = 0.05. The others reactivators did not affect antioxidant levels.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• antidota aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• atropin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• organofosfáty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   toxicita   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• trimedoxim aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• antidota MeSH
• atropin MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosfáty MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH
• tabun MeSH Prohlížeč
• trimedoxim MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The ability of currently available reactivators to reactivate cyclosarin is low. The aim of this study was to determine the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of newly developed oximes (K206, K269) compared with currently available oximes against cyclosarin. METHODS: Rats and mice received atropine or atropine + oxime intramuscularly (i.m.) before or after an i.m. dose of cyclosarin. Acetylcholine activity levels in blood and tissues were measured to calculate the reactivation efficacy and potency. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in poisoned rats showed that the potency of both newly developed oximes (K206, K269) to reactivate cyclosarin-inhibited AChE is comparable with that of obidoxime in blood and diaphragm, but slightly higher than that of obidoxime in brain. Their reactivating efficacy is significantly lower compared with that of the oxime HI-6. K206 and K269 are relatively effective in reducing cyclosarin-induced lethal toxic effects in mice. Their therapeutic efficacies exceed the therapeutic potency of obidoxime but not that of HI-6. CONCLUSIONS: K206 and K269 are as effective in the reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited AChE in rats and in the reduction of lethal toxic effects of cyclosarin in mice as obidoxime, but because their reactivating and therapeutic potency is significantly lower than that of HI-6, they are not suitable replacements for the currently available oximes for the treatment of cyclosarin poisoning.

• MeSH
• atropin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bránice enzymologie   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky otrava   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory otrava   MeSH
• cholinesterasy krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• mozek enzymologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   toxicita   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
• otrava organofosfáty * MeSH
• otrava farmakoterapie   enzymologie   MeSH
• oximy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   toxicita   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   toxicita   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(3-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene MeSH Prohlížeč
• 1-(4-(1-aminohydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-but-2-ene MeSH Prohlížeč
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• atropin MeSH
• chemické bojové látky MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• cholinesterasy MeSH
• cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate MeSH Prohlížeč
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH

The potency of newly developed monoxime bispyridinium compounds (K156, K203) in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and reducing tabun-induced lethal toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Studies determining percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of newly developed oxime K203 is comparable with obidoxime and trimedoxime in blood and higher than the reactivating potency of trimedoxime and obidoxime in diaphragm and brain, where the difference in reactivating efficacy of obidoxime, trimedoxime and K203 is significant. On the other hand, the potency of newly developed K156 to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase is comparable with obidoxime or trimedoxime in diaphragm and brain. It is significantly lower than the reactivating efficacy of trimedoxime and obidoxime in blood. Moreover, both newly developed oximes were found to be relatively efficacious in the reduction of lethal toxic effects in tabun-poisoned mice. Especially, the oxime K203 is able to decrease the acute toxicity of tabun nearly two times. The therapeutic efficacy of K156 and K203 corresponds to their potency to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase, especially in diaphragm and brain. In contrast to obidoxime and trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6 is not effective in reactivation of tabun-inhibited acetycholinesterase and in reducing tabun lethality. While the oxime K156 does not improve the reactivating and therapeutic effectiveness of currently available obidoxime and trimedoxime, the newly developed oxime K203 is markedly more effective in reactivation of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in rats, especially in brain, and in reducing lethal toxic effects of tabun in mice and, therefore, it is suitable for the replacement of commonly used oximes for the antidotal treatment of acute tabun poisoning.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• antidota aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• atropin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   chemie   otrava   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• injekce intramuskulární MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• organofosfáty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• otrava organofosfáty * MeSH
• oximy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity metody   MeSH
• trimedoxim aplikace a dávkování   chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   enzymologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-4-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)but-2-ene MeSH Prohlížeč
• 1-(4-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium)-3-pyridiniumpropane MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• antidota MeSH
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• atropin MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosfáty MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH
• tabun MeSH Prohlížeč
• trimedoxim MeSH

The efficacy of two new monopyridinium oximes (2-PAAM, 2-PAEM) and two bispyridinium oximes (obidoxime. HI-6) was tested in combination with atropine sulphate against acute poisoning with the organophosphorus insecticide mevinphos in mice. When mice were treated two min. after mevinphos poisoning, no significant differences in the therapeutic effect of tested oximes were observed. The oximes increased the 24 hr LD50 values of mevinphos about two times in comparison with the 24 hr LD50 values of mevinphos in mice protected with atropine sulphate alone and more than three times in comparison with non-treated intoxicated animals. On the other hand, both monopyridinium oximes were significantly more efficacious than HI-6 and as efficacious as obidoxime when they were administered 30 sec. after mevinphos poisoning. Both monopyridinium oximes and obidoxime increased the 24 hr values of mevinphos almost three times in comparison with the 24 hr values of mevinphos in mice protected with atropine sulphate alone and about twenty-five times in comparison with non-treated intoxicated animals, while the oxime HI-6 less than two times in comparison with the 24 hr values of mevinphos in mice protected with atropine sulphate alone and about fifteen times in comparison with non-treated intoxicated animals. Use of new monopyridinium oximes seems to be the improvement in the antidotal treatment of poisoning with organophosphorous insecticide mevinphos in comparison with HI-6 but not in comparison with obidoxime when oximes are used in equimolar doses.

• MeSH
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• atropin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• insekticidy toxicita   MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• mevinfos aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-4-carbamoyl-1-methylpyridinium MeSH Prohlížeč
• 2-hydroxyiminomethyl-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylpyridinium MeSH Prohlížeč
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů MeSH
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• atropin MeSH
• insekticidy MeSH
• mevinfos MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH

1. The influence of pharmacological pretreatment (pyridostigmine, benactyzine and trihexyphenidyle), designated PANPAL, on soman-induced cholinergic and stressogenic effects as well as on the efficacy of antidotal treatment (HI-6 plus obidoxime) in rats was studied. 2. PANPAL prophylaxis significantly decreased soman-induced cholinesterase inhibition in blood, brain and diaphragm as well as stressogenic effects of soman (an increase in plasma corticosterone level and liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity). 3. PANPAL pretreatment did not improve the efficacy of HI-6 in combination with benactyzine on soman-induced anticholinesterase and stressogenic effects. 4. These findings confirm that PANPAL prophylaxis can improve prognosis of soman poisoning especially by protection of cholinesterases.

• MeSH
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antidota aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• benaktyzin aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bránice účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   otrava   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholinesterasy krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• kortikosteron krev   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• otrava farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• pyridostigmin-bromid aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• soman aplikace a dávkování   otrava   MeSH
• trihexyfenidyl aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• tyrosinaminotransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů MeSH
• antidota MeSH
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• benaktyzin MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• cholinesterasy MeSH
• kortikosteron MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• pyridostigmin-bromid MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH
• soman MeSH
• trihexyfenidyl MeSH
• tyrosinaminotransferasa MeSH

1. The efficacy of HI-6 and obidoxime in combination with atropine on cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GF)-induced cholinergic and stressogenic effects in rats was studied. 2. HI-6 sufficiently reactivated cholinesterase activity in blood as well as acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and diaphragm following GF intoxication, and practically eliminated stressogenic effects of GF (an increase in plasma corticosterone level and liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity). 3. Obidoxime had practically no effect on enzyme activity or stressogenic effects of GF agent. 4. These findings confirm that HI-6 has definite advantages over obidoxime in the treatment of intoxication with GF.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• atropin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• bránice účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• chemické bojové látky toxicita   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• cholinesterasy krev   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• kortikosteron krev   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• tyrosinaminotransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• asoxime chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• atropin MeSH
• chemické bojové látky MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• cholinesterasy MeSH
• cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate MeSH Prohlížeč
• kortikosteron MeSH
• obidoxim chlorid MeSH
• organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
• oximy MeSH
• pyridinové sloučeniny MeSH
• reaktivátory cholinesterasy MeSH
• tyrosinaminotransferasa MeSH