In this study we investigated 24 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 33 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from milk of sheep with clinical mastitis, for their ability to form biofilms. Three methods for the determination of a biofilm were used. When evaluating the growth on Congo Red agar (CRA), 79.2% S. aureus strains and 72.7% S. epidermidis strains were positive for biofilm formation. The quantitative method of biofilm detection on a Microtitre Plate (MTP) revealed positive results for 75.0% of S. aureus samples and 75.8% for S. epidermidis samples. Using PCR method for determination of the presence of genes that affect formation of biofilms, the most frequently determined genes were eno in both S. aureus (18/24; 75.0%) and S. epidermidis strains (20/33; 60.6%). The genes icaAB and ebpS were detected in both S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains, and similarity between these strains was 12.5% - 15.1% and 4.2% - 6.0%, respectively. The bap was recorded only in S. epidermidis (3.0%). Statistical comparison of the level of biofilm formation was performed using Chi square test. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of biofilm formation between two methods for detection of biofilm CRA and MTP (p>0.05). Comparison of all six monitored parameters showed no dependence of characteristics of the tested strains S. aureus and S. epidermidis at significance level α = 0.05. Biofilm formation by the bacteria isolated from 57 cases of clinical mastitis in sheep was confirmed. Sensitivity and specificity of the CRA method for S. aureus were 94.44% and 66.66%, respectively, and for S. epidermidis 92.0% and 87.5%, respectively. Both CRA and MTP methods can be recommended for the detection of biofilm production by S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains isolated from milk of sheep with clinical mastitis.
- Klíčová slova
- Congo Red agar, Microtitre Plate, PCR, biofilm production, genes coding for biofilm,
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky MeSH
- biofilmy růst a vývoj MeSH
- DNA bakterií izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- ovce mikrobiologie MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus fyziologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
Sulphamycin (Polfa, Poland) is an intramammary preparation for the treatment of clinically apparent forms of mastitis in dairy cows. Its effects were observed in 141 dairy cows treated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The animals were selected after clinical examination of the mammary gland and bacteriological examination of udder secreta. In 37 subclinically diseased cows the efficiency of treatment depended on the infectious agent and amounted to 85.2, 77.8, 73.3 and 60.0%, Streptococcus agalactiae beta-haemolytical Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium pyogenes being the respective pathogens. In 61 cows with acute mastitis the efficiency of the preparation reached 71.2, 78.3, 61.7 and 80.9% in the cases induced by S. agalactiae, beta-haemolytical Streptococci, S. aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Forty-three cows were treated for acute mastitis and concomitant alteration of the general health state; in these cases, S. agalactiae, S. aureus and E. coli were identified as the infectious agents and the respective therapeutic efficiency presented 62.5, 69.8 and 76.2%. S. agalactiae and beta-haemolytical Streptococci responded most sensitively to erythromycin whereas S. aureus and E. coli proved to be septrin- and streptomycin-sensitive, respectively.
- MeSH
- erythromycin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- mastitida skotu farmakoterapie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- streptomycin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- erythromycin MeSH
- kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol MeSH
- streptomycin MeSH
In 1986-1992 the susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated in 799 strains of causative agents of bovine mastitis. Of these, Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and other bacteria presented 43.5%, 22.2%, 17.9% and 16.6%, respectively. The strains examined were obtained from herds in which mastitis had been treated. Within the period of investigation, the resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics reached the following values: penicillin (PNC) 33.0-20.3%, chloramphenicol (CHF) 7.8-4.1%, oxacillin (OXAC) 6.8-4.1%, erythromycin (ERYT) 1.4-1.9% and oxytetracycline (OTTE) 4.1-3.9%. Beta-haemolytical Streptococci were PNC-, CHF-, OXAC-, OTTE- and ERY-resistant in 3.3-5.8, 1.9-2.5, 2.5-5.8, 1.7-1.9 and 1.7-5.8 percent of the cases, respectively. PNC, CHF, OXAC, ERYT and OTTE resistance was found in 5.7-2.3, 2.9-1.2, 5.2-2.7, 17.1-2.3 and 5.7-2.3% of Streptococcus uberis strains, respectively. In Streptococcus dysgalactiae the following values of resistance to antibiotics were found: PNC--5.3-2.8%, CHF and OXAC--5.3-2.8%, ERYT--15.8-2.8% and OTTE--10.5-2.3%. Resistance to PNC, CHF, OXAC, ERYT and OXYT was observed in 16.7-10.0, 25.0-20.0, 8.3-3.3, 16.7-20.0 and 16.7-6.7% of Corynebacterium spp. strains. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were resistant as follows: PNC--34.3-31.5%, CHF--5.7-5.6%, OXAC--14.9-7.2%, ERYT--8.9-2.8% and OTTE--17.1-4.6%. Escherichia coli strains were CHF-resistant in 18.2-5.4% and OTTE-resistant in 27.8-28.1% of the cases. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CHF- and OTTE-resistance was recorded in 36.4-34.1 and 45.5-31.3% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- léková rezistence MeSH
- mastitida skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
During two years in a herd of dairy cows with an average number of 94 cows the effects on infection level were investigated of single nonselective antibiotics treatment of cow's udder in the dry period. The treatment influenced favourably the results of complex periodic three-months examinations: --level of infection with infectious mastitis was reduced from 38.3% to 9.8%; --occurrence of clinical forms of mastitis dropped from 17.4% to 5.9%;--occurrence of NK-test positive reactions decreased from 55.8% to 21.8%. An investigation into therapeutic efficiency of three intramammary preparations revealed the highest total therapeutic effect of Stapenor retard (Bayer, FRG)--93.2%; Syntarpene 500 (Polfa, Poland) had the total therapeutic efficiency of 92.6% and the efficiency of Oxaclene foam (Spofa, CSSR) made 86.5%. The results demonstrate good efficiency of the method because the levels of mastitis infection in the herd were positively influenced, and excellent therapeutic efficiency of semisynthetic penicillins containing intramammary preparations used for mastitis treatment of dairy cows in the dry period.
- MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie veterinární MeSH
- mastitida skotu farmakoterapie MeSH
- oxacilin terapeutické užití MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxacilin MeSH
The fertility of cows and health of calves are influenced by a number of factors, including the technological systems and quality of nutrition. The effect of nutrition was studied in two selected herds with different technological systems during 1986 to 1987. The feed rations were found to be non-standard, the nutrient ratios were not balanced, and the animals suffered from different stages of metabolic disorders. These disorders were worse in the H. large-capacity barn, equipped with modern technology, in comparison with the S. barn with traditional technology. The better reproduction data recorded in the S. barn, using the traditional technology, are ascribed to better organization of work, better feeding, and better care of the animals. The production of viable calves is the most vulnerable point in the reproduction process. Great reserves were found to exist in both the herds studied. The shortcomings suggest that knowledge of the factors and the causes of losses during the year seasons is a prerequisite for tracing the aetiology and taking effective measures, which in turn will influence the weaning. If fertility is to remain high, fertility disorders must be treated in time. As the analyses show, uterus diseases are diagnosed most frequently under farm conditions; their occurrence is associated with the hygiene of parturition and generally with hygiene in the barn. The set of recommendations to improve the reproduction process in the two herds influenced the economy of the farms.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat * metody MeSH
- fertilita * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- nemoci skotu etiologie MeSH
- skot fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The non-selective antibiotic treatment of dairy cows at the last milking in lactation was studied for its influence on the reduction in the occurrence of infectious processes in the udder after calving. The herd of 120 dairy cows, on an average, was housed in the K 98 cow-house and in a calving house equipped with the traditional technology. The non-selective treatment was performed in 125 dairy cows in the form of single administration of Oxymykoin foam (Galena) (70 cows) and Chronicin foam (Galena) (55 cows) after the last milking in lactation. The treatment of 53 bacteriologically positive cows with Oxymykoin foam had 86.8% therapeutic effectiveness; this indicates the excellent effectiveness of the preparation. Five additional new infections arose in this group of cows treated with Oxymykoin. The treatment of 36 bacteriologically positive cows with Chronicin foam had the effectiveness of 63.9%; in almost 2/5 of the treated cows (13 animals) the bacteria causing mastitis persisted in the post-parturient period. Eight new infections occurred in this group of treated cows. The results of the non-selective antibiotic treatment of dairy cows after the last milking in lactation prove the good effectiveness of the method reducing the percentage of infected cows in the period after calving.
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie MeSH
- chloramfenikol aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- mastitida skotu farmakoterapie MeSH
- oxytetracyklin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloramfenikol MeSH
- oxytetracyklin MeSH
For a period of 70 days, young gilts were given rations containing a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), produced in Czechoslovakia (Delor 105). One group of animals (A) was given feed containing 10 mg chlorobiphenyls per kg, the other group (B) was given feed containing 50 mg chlorobiphenyls per kg; on the whole, each animal of group A got 1 g of PCB mixture and each animal of group B 5 g. In about the mid-time of the experiment and before its termination the animals were given an i. m. injection of progesterone; then the animals were studied for the changes in the concentration of blood plasma progesterone. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) and highly significant (P less than 0.01) differences in the values of the biological half-life of progesterone were found between the group of PCB-treated animals and the control group, and between groups A and B.
- MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prasata krev MeSH
- progesteron aplikace a dávkování krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
- progesteron MeSH
The effect of the non-selective treatment of dairy cows with antibiotics (Chronicin foam--Galena, and Masticort PS--Poland) and the effect of teat disinfection (Jodonal A--Lachema) at the last milking in lactation was studied as exerted on the reduction in the occurrence of infection processes in mammary gland after calving. The trials were performed with 180 cows in three groups of 60 animals. At the last milking the mammary secretion of each cow was sampled for bacteriological examination. Two cow groups were treated at the same time. The occurrence of infection processes in the mammary gland in the period after calving can be characterized as follows: a) in the period after calving the control group had an increased proportion of cows with an infection process in their udders (from 58.3% at the end of lactation to 68.3% in the period of 14 days following calving); b) in the group treated with Chronicin foam the infection was reduced by 3/5, i. e. from 71.7% of cows infected at the start of drying off to 28.3% with infection process after calving; c) in the group treated with Masticort PS the infection after calving was reduced by 3/4 as compared with the infection at the onset of drying off, i. e. from 80% to 20%. In the control group 20% of the cows recovered spontaneously. The preparation Chronicin foam showed 79.1% therapeutic effectiveness. Therapy with Masticort PS was successful in 81.3% of the animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- benzathin-penicilin G aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- chloramfenikol aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- laktace * MeSH
- mastitida skotu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- mlékárenství * MeSH
- prednisolon aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- prokain penicilin G aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- skot MeSH
- streptomycin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzathin-penicilin G MeSH
- chloramfenikol MeSH
- chloramphenicol succinate MeSH Prohlížeč
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- masticort PS MeSH Prohlížeč
- prednisolon MeSH
- prokain penicilin G MeSH
- streptomycin MeSH
For 70 days two groups of 10-week gilts were given feed supplemented with PCB commercial mixture of Czechoslovak make (Delor 105), at the doses of 10 and 50 mg. .kg-1 of feed. Over the experimental period, animals were administered 1000 mg or 5000 mg of PCB mixture. During the experimental period the levels of glucose, cholesterol, urea, total protein, vitamin A, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and the activities of AF, ALT and AST enzymes were determined twice. At the end of this experiment the aniline hydroxylase activity in microsomal fractions of liver was determined and pronounced induction effect of PCB on the enzymatic system was observed. Out of the studied metabolic parameters of blood plasma, the decrease in vitamin A level was significant.
- MeSH
- anilinhydroxylasa metabolismus MeSH
- aromatické hydroxylasy metabolismus MeSH
- játra enzymologie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly farmakologie MeSH
- prasata krev metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anilinhydroxylasa MeSH
- aromatické hydroxylasy MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
For the subdueing of the clinical form of the synagamosis of pheasants we successfully applied Mebendazole in the dose of 120 mg kg-1 of the feed. Because of the lack of drug we administered the dose of 120 mg kg-1 of the feed in one group in the course of seven days to a number of animals, the others (approx. 4000 animals) received the drug only in the course of three days. On the third to fourth day after the application of the preparation the clinical symptoms disappeared and mortality stopped. To the group intended for dissecting for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Mebendazole, the dose of 120 mg kg-1 of the feed was applied in the course of 13 days. From the fifth day after the beginning of the application we found no gapeworm (Syngamus trachea) in the trachea, and the clinical symptoms disappeared completely from the seventh day onwards. In the control group mortality continued and in the trachea we found mature parasites numbering from 1 to 13 pairs. Thus we consider the dose of 120 mg kg-1 of the feed to be suitable, though it is necessary, by means of further investigation, to determine the most favourable time of administration, both for the prophylactic dehelminthization in dependence on the concrete ecological conditions in the system of rearing, and also for the therapy of the clinical form in dependence on the stage of the pathological process and of the epizootological situation.
- MeSH
- benzimidazoly terapeutické užití MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Strongylida diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- mebendazol terapeutické užití MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzimidazoly MeSH
- mebendazol MeSH
