The Italian "Marrone di Roccadaspide" (Castanea sativa), a labeled Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product, represents an important economic resource for the Italian market. With the aim to give an interesting opportunity to use chestnuts by-products for the development of nutraceutical and/or cosmetic formulations, the investigation of burs and leaves along with chestnuts of C. sativa, cultivar "Marrone di Roccadaspide", has been performed. The phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content of the MeOH extracts of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" burs, leaves, and chestnuts as well as their antioxidant activity by spectrophotometric methods (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) have been evaluated. Furthermore, a cell-based antioxidant in vitro test along with in vitro assays for the evaluation of the ability to reduce nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and nitric oxide (NO) production have been carried out. In order to identify the secondary metabolites responsible for the high phenolic content and the strong antioxidant activity shown by leaves and burs extracts, and to highlight the differences between their chemical composition, the analysis of the metabolite profile of the MeOH extracts obtained from both by-products and chestnuts by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and multiple-stage linear ion-trap and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-(-)ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS) has been performed. LC-MS analysis allowed the identification of different classes of specialized metabolites including hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, and triterpenoids as well as polar lipids. Our results show how the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be correlated to their high tannins and flavonoids content while polar lipids occurring in the MeOH extract of the leaves could contribute to determining its higher anti-inflammatory activity.

• Klíčová slova
• LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS analysis, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, burs, chestnuts, leaves, phenolic compounds, polar lipids, “Marrone di Roccadaspide” PGI,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In Italy a particularly valuable chestnut is "Marrone di Roccadaspide", a protected geographical indication (PGI) product, deriving from a Castanea sativa cultivar, typical of Salerno province in Campania region. As chestnut industrial processes yield a large amount of shell by-products, in this study the possibility to retrain this waste food as potential source of bioactives was investigated. The ability of "Marrone di Roccadaspide" shell MeOH extract to modulate the pro-inflammatory transcriptional factor NF-κB after LPS stimulation, along with the antioxidant activity by a cell-based in vitro test, were evaluated. To correlate the NF-κB inhibition (67.67% at 5 μg/mL) and the strong antioxidant activity to the chemical composition, an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MSn along with NMR characterization of isolated compounds was developed. The identification of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, along with flavonoids, phenol glucosides, ellagic acid derivatives, and triterpenoids was accomplished. The most representative compounds were quantitatively analyzed by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS, showing bartogenic acid as the compound occurring in the highest amount (103.08 mg/100 g shells). With the aim to explore the possibility to employ chestnut shells as suitable source of bioactives for the preparation of functional ingredients, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of "eco-friendly" extracts (EtOH and EtOH:H2O 7:3) was finally evaluated, showing a high superimposability of the EtOH:H2O (7:3) extract to the MeOH extract.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant activity, LC-HRMS/MS(n), Shells, Tannins, Triterpenes, “Marrone di Roccadaspide” PGI, “green” extracts,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• Fagaceae chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• glukosidy analýza   MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny analýza   MeSH
• kalibrace MeSH
• kyselina ellagová analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• ořechy chemie   MeSH
• proantokyanidiny analýza   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• racionalizace * MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• taniny analýza   MeSH
• triterpeny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• bartogenic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• glukosidy MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• kyselina ellagová MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• proantokyanidiny MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• taniny MeSH
• triterpeny MeSH