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Kidney samples from 300 bat cadavers from the Czech and Slovak Republics were tested for Leptospira DNA using PCR and sequencing of three genes (lipL32, flab, and 16S ribosomal RNA). Overall detection rate was 4.7% and two bat species (Myotis myotis and Nyctalus noctula) were PCR-positive for at least one gene. Detected Leptospira sequences were similar to L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii, and included a potentially novel species related to L. weilii.
- Klíčová slova
- Bats, Central Europe, Leptospira, Myotis, Nyctalus, emerging zoonoses,
- MeSH
- Chiroptera * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Leptospira * genetika MeSH
- leptospiróza * epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Slovenská republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a problem arose with classic body donation programmes for obtaining cadavers for anatomical dissections, science and research. The question has emerged whether bodies of individuals who died of COVID-19 or were infected by SARS-CoV-2 could be admitted to Departments of Anatomy. To determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to employees or students, the presence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cadavers after fixation agents' application and subsequent post-fixation baths over time were examined. The presence of viral RNA in swabs from selected tissues was assessed by the standardized routine RNA isolation protocol and subsequent real-time PCR analysis. To support the results obtained from the tissue swabs, samples of RNA were exposed in vitro to short and long-term exposure to the components of the injection and fixation solutions used for the bodies' conservation. Substantial removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was observed in post-mortem tissue following perfusion with 3.5% phenol, 2.2% formaldehyde, 11.8% glycerol and 55% ethanol, and subsequent post-fixation in an ethanol bath. In vitro experiments showed significant effects of formaldehyde on SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while phenol and ethanol showed only negligible effects. We conclude that cadavers subjected to fixation protocols as described here should not pose a considerable risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection while being handled by students and staff and are, therefore, suitable for routine anatomical dissections and teaching.
- Klíčová slova
- Coronavirus, Dissection, Embalming, Infections, Polymerase chain reaction,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ethanol MeSH
- fenoly MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- RNA virová MeSH
The effect of dry conditions on the population dynamics of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema affine was studied for one month in the exceptionally dry period in the summer of 2003 in the oak wood in the vicinity of Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic. Soil moisture, soil temperature, and the abundance of suitable insect hosts were monitored. The abundance of infective juveniles (IJs) was correlated with soil moisture and both these values were gradually decreasing during the study period and finally rapidly increased at the end of the investigation. During this period there was a decline in the number of insects suitable as hosts for S. affine, but not in numbers of unsuitable insects. We hypothesise that the observed decrease in IJ numbers was probably caused by the persistence of IJs in host cadavers due to low ambient moisture.
- MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- katastrofy * MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- můry parazitologie MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Rhabditida patogenita fyziologie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a serious, widely distributed pest of potato and other crops. This pest is able to defoliate the host plant and cause severe yield loss. Moreover, the pest quickly becomes resistant to many chemical pesticides. Therefore, the development of novel biopesticides targeting this pest is urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to obtain new strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and assess their efficacy against L. decemlineata adults under laboratory conditions. Twelve strains were isolated from cadavers of Colorado potato beetles collected in potato fields in the Czech Republic. Test beetles were treated by suspensions of conidia at the concentration of 1 × 107 spores per milliliter and their survival was recorded daily for three weeks. The results of the bioassays revealed that all new native strains were pathogenic to L. decemlineata adults and caused mortality up to 100% at the end of the trial period with an LT50 of about 7 days. These strains were more virulent than a reference strain GHA and some of them can be recommended for the development of a new mycoinsecticide against L. decemlineata. Our findings also highlight the importance of searching for perspective strains of entomopathogenic fungi among naturally infected hosts.
- Klíčová slova
- biological control, efficacy, entomopathogenic fungi, insect pest, mycoinsecticides, potato,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The radial nerve (RN) is a peripheral nerve that originates from the posterior bundle of the brachial plexus and carries C5-Th1 fibres. In the cubital fossa, the radial nerve divides into a superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and a deep branch of the radial nerve (DBRN). Next, the DBRN enters under the arcade of Frohse (AF) and changes its name to posterior interosseous nerve of antebrachii (PIN). The AF, first described in 1908 by Frohs and Frankel, is the superior proximal part of the supinator muscle, which can be tendinous or membranous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight dissected upper limbs were examined to measure the distances and characteristics of the RN, DBRN, SBRN and AF, using a precise electronic caliper. RESULTS: The average distance from the point of branching of the RN into its terminal branches to the AF was 54.64 mm. In half of the cases, the DBRN divided before entering the AF. The average distance from the point of branching of the DBRN to the AF in these cases was 13.88 mm. The average width of the AF was 8.60 mm. Five tendinous AF and three membranous AF were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the radial nerve and its branches in the cubital fossa, as well as the AF, is important for the proper understanding of anatomy, and may also contribute to the reduction of surgical complications during procedures in this area.
- Klíčová slova
- DBRN, arcade of Frohse, cadaver, cubital fossa, radial nerve,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- nervus radialis * anatomie a histologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Neurologie a psychiatrie ceskoslovenska | Neurol Psychiatr Ceskoslov
Zdroj
- Klíčová slova
- CADAVERS *, PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL *,
- MeSH
- exhumace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola * MeSH
- osobnost * MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- krevní transfuze přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The basis of teaching anatomy is the understanding of the body's structures using human cadavers. Body donation should be a fully conscious and voluntary act. There is growing demand for human cadavers in medical universities. To meet this demand, it is necessary to understand the societal awareness regarding body donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study utilised a proprietary single-choice questionnaire while maintaining the anonymity of the respondents. The study included 1004 individuals, comprising 700 women and 304 men. The analysis employed the Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's chi-squared test with calculation of the Cramer's V coefficient. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 56.37% considered donating their bodies for scientific and educational purposes. Among the concerns associated with donation, fear of lack of proper respect for the remains by students (18.23%), family opposition (16.24%), and religious reasons (9.16%) were highlighted. Non-religious individuals were more inclined to donate their bodies for scientific and educational purposes than religious individuals (p < 0.001). Residents of rural areas and small towns are less likely to consider donating their bodies for scientific and educational purposes than residents of large cities (p = 0.002). As many as 85.76% of respondents believed that human remains are essential for effective anatomy education. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing public awareness of cadaver donation may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of anatomy teaching at medical universities.
- Klíčová slova
- anatomy, body donation, cadavers, donation,
- MeSH
- anatomie * výchova MeSH
- dárci tkání * psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- uvědomování si * MeSH
- získávání tkání a orgánů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- koronární cévy patologie chirurgie MeSH
- laserová terapie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen patologie chirurgie MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
