• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT/etiology *, UVEITIS/complications *,
• MeSH
• katarakta etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• uveitida komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT/etiology *, EYELIDS/neoplasms *, HEMANGIOMA/in infancy and childhood *, RADIOTHERAPY/complications *,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hemangiom * MeSH
• katarakta etiologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory očního víčka * MeSH
• oči * MeSH
• radioterapie komplikace   MeSH
• rentgenové záření MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT/etiology and pathogenesis *, LIGHTNING/injurious effects *,
• MeSH
• blýskání škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• katarakta etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT/etiology and pathogenesis *, UVEITIS/complications *,
• MeSH
• katarakta etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• univerzity * MeSH
• uveitida komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT EXTRACTION/complications *, GLAUCOMA/etiology *,
• MeSH
• extrakce katarakty komplikace   MeSH
• glaukom etiologie   MeSH
• katarakta * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oční čočka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The authors refer about highly effective and in our ophthalmology not yet described method of surgical treatment of complicated cataract in patients with high degree of preexisting astigmatism over 3.0 cylindrical diopters. According to the etiology of astigmatism, in the group, there are patients with cataract and high ametropia after previous corneal transplantation and patients with cataract and preexisting high ametropia without any previous surgery. The referred group consists of 14 patients (19 eyes), and 9 of them (9 eyes) underwent in the past penetrating keratoplasty (PK) due to keratoconus at our department. The common sign of this subgroup was unsatisfactory postoperative refraction and later on the progressive cataract development. The other part of the group consisted of 5 patients (5 eyes) and they underwent no surgery in the past. For the surgical treatment of cataract and astigmatism at once we have used the individually manufactured silicone toric intraocular lens made by the company Human Optics (type MS 6116 TU). The average age of the whole group at the time of the cataract surgery was 51.5 +/- 6.8 years (range, 39-66 years). The group consisted of 8 women (57.1%) and 6 men (42.9%). The average duration of the period between the keratoplasty and the cataract surgery was 4.8 +/- 3.6 years. The uncorrected visual acuity before the cataract surgery was 0.10 +/- 0.11, and the best-corrected visual acuity was 0.39 +/- 0.22. The average value of the preoperative refractive error was +3.4 +/- 5.0 dioptres (range, -11.0 to +10.0 dioptres) and -6.4 +/- 2.3 cylindrical dioptres (range, -12.0 to -3.0 cylindical dioptres). The average follow up period was 9.6 months (range, 4-18 months). In the postoperative period we noticed improving of the uncorrected visual acuity to the value 0.50 +/- 0.26, and the best-corrected visual acuity improved finally to 0.56 +/- 0.26. The final average refractive error decreased to 0.44 +/- 0.86 dioptres and -1.8 +/- 0.77 cylindrical dioptres.

• MeSH
• astigmatismus komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extrakce katarakty * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• katarakta komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Outbreak of exogenous Fusarium endophthalmitis after cataract surgery was evaluated. Twenty patients developed postoperative endophthalmitis. In 19 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed, in 14 cases (74 %) with primary intraocular lens explantation. In one case, the PPV was not performed because of poor general condition of the patient. Symptoms of endophthalmitis (damaged vision, iritis, tyndallization in anterior chamber, hypopyon) occurred at intervals of 16-79 days (mean 31.3 days). Fungal etiology was documented in 12 eyes (60 %). Fusarium oxysporum was evidenced by culture and/or microscopy and confirmed by PCR and sequencing analysis. Eighteen (90 %) patients were treated with oral voriconazole (400 mg/day) for a period of 4-6 weeks. The final visual acuity was 6/15 in 1 case (5 %), 6/60 and worse in 17 eyes (85 %), and in 2 cases (10 %), enucleation had to be performed. Viscoelastic filling material was suggested the most likely source of infection. Endophthalmitis caused by Fusarium spp. are a potentially big threat for patients with serious impact on vision. Successful management of the infection is highly dependent on early diagnosis including species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing, and on aggressive and long-term treatment.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• endoftalmitida farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• extrakce katarakty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fusarióza farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Fusarium patogenita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oční infekce mykotické farmakoterapie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace mikrobiologie   MeSH
• pyrimidiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• triazoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitrektomie MeSH
• vorikonazol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH
• pyrimidiny MeSH
• triazoly MeSH
• vorikonazol MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Ozurdex® (Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Castlebar Road, Westport, Ireland) is an intravitreal implant containing 0.7 mg of dexamethasone. It is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, cystoid macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion, and in patients with non-infectious uveitis. Common complications after Ozurdex® administration include an increase in intraocular pressure, cataract progression or conjunctival suffusion. Acute retinal necrosis after Ozurdex® administration is a very rare and serious complication. According to our current research, this is the fourth published case. Extreme caution must be exercised when treating immunosuppressed patients with Ozurdex®. CASE REPORT: This is case report about an immunosuppressed 68-year-old patient with diabetic macular edema, who developed acute retinal necrosis 74 days after Ozurdex® implantation. He suffers from chronic myeloid leukemia and takes the cytostatic imatinib 400 mg once per day. Urgent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil instillation was performed and antiherpetic drugs were initiated intravenously. Serological examination confirmed an active infection of cytomegalovirus etiology (CMV). CONCLUSION: Acute retinal necrosis is a rare necrotizing retinitis. Corticosteroids administered intravitreally reduce the local immune response, which may cause a primary infection or reactivation of a latent viral infection.

• Klíčová slova
• acute retinal necrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia, dexamethasone, diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, imatinib, imunosupression,
• MeSH
• akutní retinální nekróza * chemicky indukované   komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• dexamethason škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie * komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• injekce intravitreální MeSH
• léky implantované škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární edém * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dexamethason MeSH
• léky implantované MeSH

The authors present the ophthamological finding in a patient who at the age of 4.5 months was admitted due to a finding of total bilateral congenital cataract. The patient was observed by a neurologist for central hypotonia and mental retardation. Upon a complex examination of the patient, suspicion of Lowe syndrome was stated, which was confirmed by a metabolic examination and also by genetic tests. Upon an examination of the family, a genetic defect (mutation of OCRL1 gene) was confirmed also in the mother of the patient. A mild subcapsular opacification was present in the mother, beneath the posterior capsule. The patient was operated on for bilateral congenital cataract. Upon an examination under general anaesthesia, trabeculodysgenesis was diagnosed. Intraocular pressure remains within the norm. The patient is now aged 8 years, regularly monitored with regard to metabolic compensation, and by a neurologist and ophthalmologist, with satisfactory visual functions. Early diagnosis of the Lowe syndrome was determined on the basis of a complex examination of the patient within the framework of etiological diagnosis of bilateral congenital cataract. Key words: Lowe syndrome, oculo - cerebro - renal syndrome, congenital cataract, glaucoma, nystagmus.

• Klíčová slova
• Lowe syndrome, congenital cataract, glaucoma, nystagmus, oculo - cerebro - renal syndrome,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fosfatasy genetika   MeSH
• glaukom diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• katarakta diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• okulocerebrorenální syndrom * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfatasy MeSH
• OCRL protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most dangerous and least understood diseases with a pathophysiology that is still largely unknown. In this article we try to provide a pathophysiological explanation of the etiological, pathogenetic, and clinical aspects of ALS. After a description of the rather complicated classification of the disease, we continue with an evaluation of its clinical presentation. The bibliography reveals several suspect etiological factors including atherosclerosis, inflammation, tumors, cataracts, diabetes mellitus type 2, aging, and degeneration of the nervous system. One of the more intriguing factors involves changes associated with oxidative damage to both neurons and glial cells. It is known that astrocytes support the development of motor neurons. Oxidative damage is known to lead to the expression of stress sensitive genes, proteins, as well as inflammation of glial cells. Chronic inflammation could be a key factor in ALS since it has been linked to the death of motor neurons. Pathophysiological research has confirmed the influence of certains proteins on the prognosis of ALS. ALS is typically a proteinopathy in which proteins aggregate in motoneurons. Additionally, glutamate excitotoxicity has also been linked to ALS, with mutated superoxide dismutase (SOD1) having been shown to be responsible for familial ALS. As concerns the pathogenesis of ALS, we discussed several phenomenon such as increased levels of specific serum compounds, reduced concentrations of myelin, and changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine that could represent key indicators of the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapy of ALS. Concerning ALS therapy; treatment with antioxidatives is potentially very important. Exposure to heavy metals is also thought to negatively influence ALS. Evidence also suggests that good nutrition is a very important factor in the treatment of ALS. From a pharmacological perspective, serotonin treatment appears to be a useful therapeutic agent.

• MeSH
• amyotrofická laterální skleróza klasifikace   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH