Antimicrobial peptides are currently considered as promising antiviral compounds. Current assays to evaluate the effectivity of peptides against enveloped viruses based on liposomes or hemolysis are encumbered by the artificial nature of liposomes or distinctive membrane composition of used erythrocytes. We propose a novel assay system based on enzymatic Ebola virus-like particles containing sensitive luciferase reporter. The assay was validated with several cationic and anionic peptides and compared with lentivirus inactivation and hemolytic assays. The assay is sensitive and easy to perform in standard biosafety level laboratory with potential for high-throughput screens. The use of virus-like particles in the assay provides a system as closely related to the native viruses as possible eliminating some issues associated with other more artificial set ups. We have identified CAM-W (KWKLWKKIEKWGQGIGAVLKWLTTWL) as a peptide with the greatest antiviral activity against infectious lentiviral vectors and filoviral virus-like particles.

• Klíčová slova
• Antimicrobial peptides, Cytotoxic peptides, Ebola, Hemolytic activity, Lentivirus, Marburg, Nanoluciferase, Virolytic activity, Virus-like particles,
• MeSH
• anionty MeSH
• antivirové látky farmakologie   MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy farmakologie   MeSH
• Lentivirus účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liposomy chemie   MeSH
• peptidy farmakologie   MeSH
• virus Ebola účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• VLP vakcíny MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anionty MeSH
• antivirové látky MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy MeSH
• liposomy MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• VLP vakcíny MeSH

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Although a significant progress has recently been made in understanding of Ebola virus biology and pathogenesis, development of effective anti-Ebola treatments has not been very productive, compared to other areas of antiviral research (e.g., HIV and HCV infections). No approved vaccine or medicine is available for Ebola but several are currently under development. This review summarises attempts in identification, evaluation, and development of small-molecule candidates for treatment of Ebola viral disease, including the most promising experimental drugs brincidofovir (CMX001), BCX4430, and favipiravir (T-705).

• Klíčová slova
• Ebola virus, Marburg virus, antiviral, filovirus, hemorrhagic fever,
• MeSH
• antivirové látky chemická syntéza   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rychlé screeningové testy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• západní Afrika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antivirové látky MeSH

• MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• virové vakcíny * MeSH
• virus Ebola imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• virové vakcíny * MeSH

One of the most fatal diseases encountered by mankind so far is Ebola fever. Ebola fever is caused by a highly pathogenic virus from the Filoviridae family which is found in nature in four different sub-types which differ among others also by their pathogenicity for man. The hitherto detected EBO sub-types are stable do not change in the course of an epidemic nor in the course of the patient's illness, nor during passage of the virus from one subject to another. The author presents a historical review of epidemics, nosocomial and laboratory infections, spread and epizoonosis caused by the Ebola virus. The author presents a detailed clinical picture describing the frequency and evolution of different clinical symptoms and signs based on the observation of 103 patients infected with the Ebola virus in Kikwit, Zaire (nowadays Democratic Republic of Congo) in 1995. In the laboratory diagnosis individual tests are mentioned assessing the presence of the virus, viral antigens and antibodies, incl. the most recent immunohistochemical test. The author mentions the problem of patient care and his therapy, incl. available antiviral drugs and passive immunotherapy. He also discusses the possibility and probability of spread of the Ebola virus into our environment. He mentions principles for transport of subjects with suspected disease, demands for their strict isolation and maximum protection of the attending staff incl. barrier nursing technique. The author discusses also principles of epidemiological work, detection and isolation of sources, identification and follow up of contacts and epidemiological supervision of affected areas. Past epidemics made it possible to assemble many scientific findings and practical experience. These make it possible to cope nowadays with any attack of the Ebola virus not only in areas of its epizootic occurrence.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola * diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• cestování * MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening * MeSH
• tělesná teplota * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH

We show the utilization of a recently developed cellphone-sized real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device to detect Ebola virus RNA using single-step reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The device was shown to concurrently perform four PCRs, each with a sample volume of 100 nL: one positive control with both Ebola and GAPDH RNA and one negative control. The last two positions were used to measure the GAPDH and the Ebola content of a sample. A comparison of threshold cycles (CT) from the two samples provided relative quantification. The entire process, which consisted of reverse transcription, PCR amplification, and melting curve analysis (MCA), was conducted in less than 37 min. The next step will be integration with a sample preparation unit to form an integrated sample-to-answer system for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics.

• MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA virová analýza   MeSH
• tranzitní teplota MeSH
• virus Ebola chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vyšetření u lůžka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA virová MeSH

With an increasing frequency of traveling and tourism to exotic countries, a new threat-import of rare, very dangerous infections-emerges in humane medicine. Ebola fever and Marburg fever, whose agents come from the same group of Filoviridae family, belong among these diseases. The natural reservoir of these viruses has not yet been precisely determined. The pathogenesis of the diseases is not absolutely clear, there is neither a possibility of vaccination, nor an effective treatment. Fever and haemorrhagic diathesis belong to the basic symptoms of the diseases. Most of the infected persons die, the death rate is 70-88 %. The history of Ebola fever is relatively short-30 years, Marburg fever is known almost 40 years. Hundreds of people have died of these diseases so far. The study involves epidemics recorded in the world and their epidemiological relations. Not a single case has been recorded in the Czech Republic, nevertheless a sick traveler or infected animals are the highest risk of import these diseases. In our conditions, the medical staff belong to a highly endangered group of people because of stringent isolation of patients, strict rules of barrier treatment regime and high infectivity of the diseases. For this reason, the public should be prepared for possible contact with these highly virulent infections.

• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola diagnóza   epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• marburgská horečka diagnóza   epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Afrika MeSH

• MeSH
• hemoragická horečka Ebola epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH

The twenty-first century has witnessed some of the deadliest viral pandemics with far-reaching consequences. These include the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1981), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002), Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) (2009), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2012) and Ebola virus (2013) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2019-present). Age- and gender-based characterizations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 resembles SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV with regard tohigher fatality rates in males, and in the older population with comorbidities. The invasion-mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, involves binding of its spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors; MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whereas H1N1 influenza is equipped with hemagglutinin protein. The viral infections-mediated immunomodulation, and progressive inflammatory state may affect the functions of several other organs. Although no effective commercial vaccine is available for any of the viruses, those against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Until now, only Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine has received temporary authorization from the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Given the frequent emergence of viral pandemics in the 21st century, proper understanding of their characteristics and modes of action are essential to address the immediate and long-term health consequences.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Ebola, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, influenza,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• HIV MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• koronavirus MERS MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie dějiny   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• virové nemoci epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• virus chřipky A, podtyp H1N1 MeSH
• virus Ebola MeSH
• virus SARS MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH