The human biomonitoring (HBM) is an integral part of Environmental Health Monitoring System in the Czech Republic since 1994. Selected biomarkers of the internal dose (heavy metals, PCBs) and cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes as a biomarker of the exposure/effect to/of environmental genotoxic factors are systematically followed up in the blood and urine of adults (blood donors), in children aged 8 to 10 years, and in the breast milk of nursing mothers. Selected outputs documented the declining trend of blood lead levels, with the recent reference value of 80 mg/l for men, and the rising trend of blood selenium levels in adults, but not in children. PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in human milk show a long-term downward trend, but still higher than in neighbouring countries. The frequency of aberrant cells revealed a downward trend, but the increase obtained in the last monitored period needs to be explained. Further HBM activities are required to demonstrate the corresponding trends and to reduce human exposure and health risks.

• MeSH
• chromozomální aberace chemicky indukované   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly * krev   moč   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• surveillance populace * MeSH
• těžké kovy * krev   moč   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polychlorované bifenyly * MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH

In the Czech Republic, the Human Biomonitoring Project (CZ-HBM) was launched in 1994 as an integral part of the nationwide Environmental Health Monitoring System (EHMS). Until now, the HBM covers two time periods: the first covered 1994-2003 and the second, 2005-2009. Altogether three population groups were included in the HBM: adults (blood donors aged 18-58 years), children aged 8-10 years, and breastfeeding primiparas. Sampling is organized on a yearly basis. Altogether three groups of biomarkers were analyzed: (a) selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and essential elements (Cu, Se, Zn) in blood and urine of adults and children, (b) indicator PCBs, DDT, DDE, HCB and HCHs in human milk and blood serum of adults and (c) cytogenetic changes in peripheral lymphocytes in blood of adults and children. This paper is focused on the general design of the CZ-HBM, the trends over time, and reference values. A significant downward time trend was observed for the blood lead levels in adults and children. Increased urinary cadmium levels were observed in Czech children compared to German children. The blood and urinary mercury levels were higher in women than in men. The levels of indicator PCB congeners in the Czech human milk samples were still higher than in most other European countries, because of existing hot spots. The levels of organochlorine pesticides showed a substantial continuous downward trend.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   moč   MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky krev   moč   MeSH
• chromozomální aberace chemicky indukované   MeSH
• cytogenetika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• kouření krev   epidemiologie   moč   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mléko chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• pesticidy krev   moč   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• selen krev   moč   MeSH
• těžké kovy krev   moč   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
• pesticidy MeSH
• selen MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH

In the framework of the system of monitoring the environmental impact on population health, the concentration of lead, cadmium and selenium in blood and cadmium in urine was measured in adults (n = 670), children (n = 599) and umbilical blood (n = 549) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Furthermore, cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes in all population groups under study was investigated. The median blood Pb level for the overall group of adults (47.8 micrograms/l, i.e. 0.23 mumol/1) was significantly higher in men (51.5 micrograms/l, i.e. 0.25 mumol/l). Smoking significantly influenced the blood Pb level in women. The 90th percentile in no group exceeded the value of 100 micrograms/l (0.48 mumol/l). The median blood Cd level in adults (0.9 microgram/l, i.e. 0.008 mumol/l) depends on smoking habit (1.25 micrograms/l, i.e. 0.01 mumol/l). The median urine Cd level was 0.585 microgram/g creatinine (0.59 mumol/mole creatinine) in adults and 0.37 microgram/g creatinine (0.37 mumol/mole creatinine) in children. The median blood Se level (53.5 micrograms/l, i.e. 0.68 mumol/l) was found to be higher in the group of non-smokers (57.5 micrograms/l, i.e 0.73 mumol/l). Lead and selenium level were significantly lower in the umbilical blood. Cytogenetic analysis results showed age-dependent average percentages of aberrant cells: 1.1% in umbilical blood, 1.27% in children and 1.71 in adults in line with the reference values for the Czech population.

• MeSH
• chromozomální aberace genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kadmium krev   moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• olovo krev   MeSH
• pupečník MeSH
• selen krev   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• surveillance populace * MeSH
• T-lymfocyty ultrastruktura   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH
• olovo MeSH
• selen MeSH

Since 1991 a human biomonitoring network has been established in the Czech Republic as part of the Environmental Health Monitoring System, which was set out by the Government Resolution. During the last quarter-century, important data was obtained to characterize exposure to both children and adult populations to significant toxic substances from the environment, to development trends over time, to establish reference values and compare them with existing health-related values. Moreover, the saturation of population with several essential substances as selenium, zinc, copper or iodine has also been monitored. Development of analytical and statistical methods led to increase the capacity building, improvement of QA/QC in analytical laboratories and interpretation of results. The obtained results are translated to policy actions and are used in health risk assessment processes at local and national levels.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, General population, Human biomonitoring, Time trends,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH

The systematic and long-term efforts to protect the environment may be successful also in the country in the period of transition from centrally planned to free market economies. The basic requirement is to disseminate reliable information on the exposure levels and expected health effects. The need for high quality information underscores the importance of the quality assurance and quality control systems in the context of good laboratory as well as epidemiologic practices. Each monitoring study should be planned in the way facilitating its use for the evaluation of long-term trends. Besides scientific issues, the communication of risks is of crucial importance. According to our experience, only an involvement of formal as well as informal local authorities and co-operation between all relevant stakeholders can ensure the success.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• olovo * analýza   krev   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zuby chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• olovo * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Biomonitoring of some slelected heavy metals in the Smeda river (Czech Republic) was carried out during 2015-2016 to assess the extent of environmental pollution. Attempts were also made to map the intensity of bioaccumulation in brown trout which was used as an indicator species. Monitoring of the environmental pollution of the Smeda river was carried in 2016. DESIGN: Concentrations of some heavy metals i.e. Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Cobalt (Co) were quantified in the fish muscles. Correlations (Pearsons, 2-tailed) among selected metals with some morphometric parameters (standard length and total weight) in brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were also examined. RESULTS: Results showed a significant positive correlation between concentrations of Hg, Pb (group-I) and Pb, Cd (group-II) with the muscles and age of fishes (p<0.05). The groups of heavy metals i.e. group-I (Hg and Pb) and group-II (Pb and Cd) were purposively synthesized for better inference of the data since Pb formed significant (p<0.05) but distinct positive correlations with Hg and Cd. The contents of the analyzed metals in brown trout muscles were low Hg 0.06-0.5; Pb 0.01-0.3; Cd 0.01-0.04 and Co 0.01-0.03 mg.kg-1 wet weight basis and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the Codex Alimentarius for safe human consumption except in the case of Hg which is little vulnerable to reach critical limit. CONCLUSIONS: The contents of the analyzed metals in Brown trout muscles were lower at monitoring sites and did not exceed the values of limits admissible in the Czech Republic. Potential ecological risk analysis of toxic metals concentrations in sediments suggested only two sites (2 and 3) with elevated values that posed a midlle environmental risks. Strict periodical monitoring of Hg levels in the selected stretches of the River Smeda is recommended.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chemické znečištění vody analýza   MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• otrava těžkými kovy MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH

In recognition of the importance of environmental specimen banking (ESB) as an important component of the described ongoing real-time environmental and health-related monitoring programmes, a proposal for a planned ESB pilot study in the Czech Republic is presented. Selection of biomonitors, analytes, sampling techniques and sites is discussed, especially with regard to the possible harmonization with ESB already operational abroad. Availability of validated analytical techniques for determination of up to 30 elements using nuclear and spectroscopic techniques, including speciation of several metals, and of the most important organic pollutants employing various chromatographic techniques in biological and environmental samples is demonstrated.

• MeSH
• banky biologického materiálu * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• nebezpečné látky analýza   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• počítačové systémy MeSH
• prvky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• nebezpečné látky MeSH
• prvky MeSH

Monitoring the contamination level in aquatic environments and assessing the impact on aquatic life occurs throughout the world. In the present study, an approach based on a combination of biomarkers and the distribution of various industrial and municipal pollutants was used to investigate the effect of aquatic environmental contamination on fish. Monitoring was performed in ten rivers in the Czech Republic (Berounka, Dyje, Elbe, Lužnice, Odra, Ohře, Otava, Sázava, Svratka, and Vltava rivers, with one or two locations in each river) at the same sites that were regularly monitored within the Czech National Monitoring Program in 2007-2011. Health status, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, total cytochrome P450 content, and the plasma vitellogenin concentration were assessed in wild chub (Squalius cephalus) males caught at the monitored sites. The contamination level was the highest in the Svratka River downstream of Brno. Among all measured persistent organic pollutants (POPs), polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites were the major contributors of POPs in fish muscle. Elbe, Odra, and Svratka rivers were identified as the most polluted. Fish from these locations showed reduced gonad size, increased vitellogenin concentration in male plasma, EROD, and total cytochrome P450 content. These biomarkers can be used for future environmental monitoring assessments. Overall, this study improves our understanding of the relationship between human activities and pollutant loads and further contributes to the decision to support local watershed managers to protect water quality in this region.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker, Biomonitoring, Chub, EROD, Passive sampling, Vitellogenin,
• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• Cyprinidae * MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• DDT analýza   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kvalita vody MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly analýza   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• vitelogeniny krev   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 MeSH
• DDT MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH
• vitelogeniny MeSH

In this paper an integrated approach in assessment of the population exposure from various sources of total mercury (THg) oral intake in the Czech Republic is presented. The information on total mercury levels in diet, drinking water, surface urban soil and body fluids and tissues stem from the Czech national Environmental Health Monitoring System (EHMS) operated since 1994. The THg concentration was determined by the special atomic absorption spectrophotometer AMA 254. The data on THg content in food from the sales network were collected in 12 cities. The estimated average dietary intake representing more than 95% of weight of usual diet composition ranged 1-2% of the JECFA/FAO WHO provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value for total mercury (5 microg/kg b.w./week). Data on drinking water quality stem from the nationwide monitoring database. The content of THg in drinking water is generally low; only 0.2% of the Czech population supplied with drinking water from the distribution networks (total of 92% of the population) has a mercury intake from drinking water higher than 1% PTWI and not exceeding 5% PTWI. The estimation of potential mercury intake by unintentional consumption of soil in small children was based on THg content in surface soil of a total of 324 nursery schools in 24 cities and towns. Median value was 0.16 mg/kg. Human biomonitoring was performed in 9 Czech cities. In 2007, the mercury median values in blood of adults (N=412) were 0.85 and 0.89 microg/l in males and in females, respectively; urine median value in adults was 1.10 microg/g creatinine. In 2008, the blood median value in children (N=324) amounted to 0.35 microg/l; urine median value is 0.16 microg/g creatinine. In children's hair the median THg value was 0.18 microg/g. The correlation between fish consumption and blood THg levels was observed in both adults and children. Also the biomonitoring outputs did not reveal a substantial burden of the population.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
• půda MeSH
• rtuť analýza   krev   moč   MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy chemie   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• půda MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• voda MeSH

The article describes the exposure pathways of cadmium in the Czech urban population. The data on Cd concentrations originated from the Environmental Health Monitoring System, which has been realized in 30 cities since 1994. The data on cadmium content in particular exposure pathways - diet, drinking water, ambient air and soil -were processed for the period 1994-2003. The estimate of the daily dietary intake for an average adult population amounted to 11-19 microg/d, i.e. 0.17-0.30 microg/kg bw/d, which represents 17%-30% of the PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake). The contribution from drinking water to the oral exposure is low; on average 0.5 microg/d. Potential exposure to airborne Cd was estimated at about 0.02 microg/d. The additional Cd intake from urban soil ingestion probable in small children was found to be insignificant based on Cd concentrations in the soil of kindergarten playgrounds. Biomonitoring outputs characterize the recent and life-long cadmium burden of the Czech population from general environment In 1994-2003, the median blood Cd levels ranged in the interval 0.9-0.4 microg/l blood, in smokers being more than double that in non-smokers. Blood Cd levels detected indicate slightly decreasing trend as well as urine Cd levels (range of median values 0.44-0.28 microg/g creatinine). Since 1996 the levels in children have been found in more than 50% cases below the detection limit of the methods used. The estimated total cadmium intake in the Czech urban population does not signalize any increased risk of health impairment considering non-carcinogenic effects.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin MeSH
• inhalační expozice MeSH
• kadmium analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• tělesné tekutiny chemie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zásobování vodou analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH