Male hypogonadism can be of various etiology and that reflects its clinical manifestation, diagnostics and treatment. Male hypogonadism leads not only to decreased fertility, but influences the cardiovascular system, mood changes, bone fragility, lipids and other metabolic functions. Diagnosis of hypogonadism can be cumbersome, as well as the choice of optimal hormonal supplementation. The aim of this article is to summarize the basics from symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of male hypogonadism.

• Klíčová slova
• male hypogonadism, testosterone infertility.,
• MeSH
• hypogonadismus * terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• testosteron * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• testosteron * MeSH

Obesity increases the incidence of hypogonadism in men, and hypogonadism in turn plays a role in obesity. One of the first mechanisms proposed to explain this was a hypothesis based on the principle that obese men have higher estrogen levels, and that increased estrogens provide feedback to the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, reducing the secretion of gonadotropins and leading to a decrease of overall testosterone levels. This concept has since been questioned, though never completely disproven. In this study we compared hormone levels in three groups of men with differing BMI levels (between 18-25, 25-29, and 30-39), and found correlations between lowering overall testosterone, SHBG and increased BMI. At the same time, there were no significant changes to levels of free androgens, estradiol or the gonadotropins LH and FSH. These findings are in line with the idea that estrogen production in overweight and obese men with BMI up to 39 kg/m(2) does not significantly influence endocrine testicular function.

• MeSH
• androgeny krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estradiol krev   MeSH
• estrogeny krev   MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon krev   MeSH
• hypogonadismus krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luteinizační hormon krev   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita krev   epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgeny MeSH
• estradiol MeSH
• estrogeny MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH

Clinical studies show that hypogonadism in the aging male is associated with obesity and osteoporosis. Experimental studies are mostly conducted on relatively young adult animals and the induced hypogonadism lasts for a relatively short time. The present study aimed to describe the effect of long-term hypogonadism beginning in puberty on body composition, morphometry, and bone mineral density in aged male rats. Morphometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were conducted at the age of 30 months on control and gonadectomized males. Long-term hypogonadism did not affect body weight, but led to a higher fat mass (by 26 %), lower lean mass (by 44 %), shorter body length (by 9 %), and anogenital distance (by 26 %), as well as to lower tail circumference (by 15 %) in comparison to control males. Lower bone mineral density (by 13 %) and bone mineral content (by 15 %) were observed in gonadectomized males. Results showing sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis in this model of long-term hypogonadism might mimic the situation in aging males better than the widely used short-term hypogonadism induced in young animals. The morphometric analysis could potentially be a useful tool to study normal weight obesity without the need for specific equipment.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• hypogonadismus krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• obezita krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• orchiektomie MeSH
• osteoporóza krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sarkopenie krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• složení těla * MeSH
• testosteron krev   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• testosteron MeSH

Male hypogonadism and civilization diseases Age dependant decrease of testosterone levels leads in many men to hypogonadism called as late-onset hypogonadism. Morbidity and mortality of men with subnormal testosterone levels is higher than that of men sufficiently supplied with androgens. Cardiovascular diseases, obesity or diabetes take often part in these events. Low testosterone level is risk factor for these diseases. However, it is until now not clear whether testosterone deficiency is a cause or consequence of atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome. A handful of symptoms and metabolic parameters present in hypogonadal men can be ameliorated by testosterone supplementation. Testosterone has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors, but it is not clear whether it can reduce mortality.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus etiologie   MeSH
• hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
• hypogonadismus komplikace   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom etiologie   MeSH
• testosteron nedostatek   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• testosteron MeSH

An important potential consequence of the anabolic steroid misuse is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to the inhibition of pituitary secretion of gonadotropins. By the symptoms as testicular atrophy, spermatogenic and fertility disturbances or dysfunction in sexual life, the anabolic steroids induced hypogonadism (ASIH) could be differentiated from organic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism only with difficulty unless the misuse is reported by the user. When diagnosed, the crucial step in the therapy is the stop of anabolic use. Convalescence lasts usually several months or even more than one year. First could be seen the retreat of testicular atrophy followed by the rearrangement of spermatogenesis. The users mainly well informed from internet use for amelioration of the symptoms injections of human choriogonadotropin (hCG), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) or aromatase inhibitors.Key words: anabolic steroids - doping - hypogonadotropic hypogonadism - side effects.

• MeSH
• doping ve sportu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypogonadismus chemicky indukované   MeSH
• kongenery testosteronu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kongenery testosteronu MeSH

Specificity of therapeutic approaches to hypogonadism in childhood and the need of high standard hormonal preparations are stressed. Male hypogonadism can in rare instances be treated even during infancy. Therapy of hypogonadism during puberty is, however, more common. The general rule for therapy of pubertal hypogonadism is to mimic physiological puberty, i.e. to begin with small doses and slowly increase them gradually to reach the level of adult dosage within 4-5 years.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hypogonadismus farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hypogonadism is a frequent complication in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CHRI). From a pathogenetic point of view, it is a disorder at the level of the hypothalamus caused by central inhibition of the pulsatile generation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and by a primary disorder of gonads. The cause of hypogonadism in dialysed patients is not completely known. The effect of inhibition of erythropoietin production is believed to be one of the factors, as well as the adverse effects of complicated therapeutic procedures and malnutrition. In men, the affection manifests itself as a disorder of sexual functions, inhibition ofspermatogenesis, premature andropause and severe fatigue syndrome. Menstruation disorders, premature menopause and anovulation cycles are frequent symptoms in dialysed women. Androgen or estrogen substitution improves the quality of life in both sexes and slows down the loss of bone mass. Complete remission of hypogonadism is obtained, in the majority of patients, by renal transplant. The overview study deals with the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in dialysed patients.

• MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hypogonadismus etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The first aim of our study was to define the hypogonadism manifested by low testosterone levels and incomplete male secondary sex characteristics in a 20-year-old male homozygous MC4R mutation carrier (G181D). The second aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the anti-obesity drug sibutramine in this patient who failed to respond to an intensive lifestyle intervention and exhibited continuous weight gain. CASE REPORT: Anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal and psycho-behavioural parameters were investigated both at baseline and after a 1-year sibutramine treatment. To characterise the hypogonadism, sex steroid profile, concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were determined. Standard tests with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin were conducted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to exclude organic hypothalamic-pituitary lesions. Clinical examination and endocrine investigations revealed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Sibutramine induced body weight maintenance as well as improvement in body composition and obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: We described the first case of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a MC4R homozygous mutation carrier. The potential association between the hormonal disturbance and the hypothalamic derangement caused by the MC4R mutation should be considered. In addition, we demonstrated that sibutramine treatment had a favourable effect on body weight maintenance and obesity-related health risks.

• MeSH
• anorektika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cyklobutany farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gonadotropiny krev   genetika   MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• hypogonadismus komplikace   farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci farmakoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• obezita komplikace   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• složení těla účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• testosteron krev   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anorektika MeSH
• cyklobutany MeSH
• gonadotropiny MeSH
• sibutramine MeSH Prohlížeč
• testosteron MeSH

Hypogonadism is an endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate serum testosterone production by the Leydig cells of the testis. It is triggered by alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is another common disorder in men that involves an alteration in erectile response-organic, relational, or psychological. The incidence of hypogonadism and ED is common in men aged over 40 years. Hypogonadism (including late-onset hypogonadism) and ED may be linked to several environmental factors-induced oxidative stresses. The factors mainly include exposure to pesticides, radiation, air pollution, heavy metals and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These environmental risk factors may induce oxidative stress and lead to hormonal dysfunctions. To better understand the subject, the study used many keywords, including "hypogonadism", "late-onset hypogonadism", "testosterone", "erectile dysfunction", "reactive oxygen species", "oxidative stress", and "environmental pollution" in major online databases, such as SCOPUS and PUBMED to extract relevant scientific information. Based on these parameters, this review summarizes a comprehensive insight into the important environmental issues that may have a direct or indirect association with hypogonadism and ED in men. The study concludes that environmental factors-induced oxidative stress may cause infertility in men. The hypothesis and outcomes were reviewed critically, and the mechanistic approaches are applied through oxidant-sensitive pathways. This study also provides reccomendations on future therapeutic interventions and protective measures against such adverse environmental factors-induced hypogonadism and ED.

• Klíčová slova
• air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, erectile dysfunction, heavy metals, hypogonadism, infertility, pesticide, radiation, testosterone,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ABNORMALITIES *, HYPOGONADISM *, MUSCULAR ATROPHY *, MUSCULAR DISEASES *, NECK *, PTERYGIUM *,
• MeSH
• hypogonadismus * MeSH
• Klinefelterův syndrom * MeSH
• krk * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci svalů * MeSH
• pterygium * MeSH
• svalová atrofie * MeSH
• vrozené vady * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH