This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.

• Klíčová slova
• essential, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, thiamine,
• MeSH
• avitaminóza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• thiamin MeSH
• vitamin A MeSH
• vitamin B komplex * MeSH
• vitamin K MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• thiamin MeSH
• vitamin A MeSH
• vitamin B komplex * MeSH
• vitamin K MeSH

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) belongs to the serious health complications expanding in cardiovascular diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. In this study, hypertriacylglycerolemic rats fed a high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) were used as an experimental model of MetS to explore the effect of tested compounds. Effects of a new prospective pyridoindole derivative coded SMe1EC2 and the natural polyphenol rutin were tested. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) expression were assessed in the left ventricle immunohistochemically and left ventricle activity was monitored in isolated perfused rat hearts. NOS3 activity in the left ventricle decreased markedly as a result of a HFFD. NOS3 expression was upregulated by both substances. NF-?B expression was increased in the MetS group in comparison to control rats and the expression further increased in the SMe1EC2 treatment. This compound significantly improved the coronary flow in comparison to the control group during reperfusion of the heart followed after ischemia. Further, it tended to increase left ventricular systolic pressure, heart product, rate of maximal contraction and relaxation, and coronary flow during baseline assessment. Moreover, the compound SMe1EC2 decreased the sensitivity of hearts to electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. Contrary to this rutin decreased coronary flow in reperfusion. Present results suggest that despite upregulation of NOS3 by both substances tested, pyridoindole SMe1EC2 rather than rutin could be suitable in treatment strategies of cardiovascular disorders in MetS-like conditions.

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• fruktosa škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• indoly farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom farmakoterapie   enzymologie   etiologie   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• pyridiny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rutin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• srdce účinky léků   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fruktosa MeSH
• indoly MeSH
• NF-kappa B MeSH
• Nos3 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyridiny MeSH
• rutin MeSH
• SMe1EC2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III MeSH

Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidants, noncommunicable chronic disease, nutrition, phytonutrients, testosterone, testosterone replacement therapy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, results in chronic infection that leads to cardiomyopathy with increased mortality and morbidity in endemic regions. In a companion study, our group found that a high-fat diet (HFD) protected mice from T. cruzi-induced myocardial damage and significantly reduced post-infection mortality during acute T. cruzi infection. METHODS: In the present study metabolic syndrome was induced prior to T. cruzi infection by feeding a high fat diet. Also, mice were treated with anti-diabetic drug metformin. RESULTS: In the present study, the lethality of T. cruzi (Brazil strain) infection in CD-1 mice was reduced from 55% to 20% by an 8-week pre-feeding of an HFD to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. The addition of metformin reduced mortality to 3%. CONCLUSIONS: It is an interesting observation that both the high fat diet and the metformin, which are known to differentially attenuate host metabolism, effectively modified mortality in T. cruzi-infected mice. In humans, the metabolic syndrome, as presently construed, produces immune activation and metabolic alterations that promote complications of obesity and diseases of later life, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Using an evolutionary approach, we hypothesized that for millions of years, the channeling of host resources into immune defences starting early in life ameliorated the effects of infectious diseases, especially chronic infections, such as tuberculosis and Chagas disease. In economically developed countries in recent times, with control of the common devastating infections, epidemic obesity and lengthening of lifespan, the dwindling benefits of the immune activation in the first half of life have been overshadowed by the explosion of the syndrome's negative effects in later life.

• Klíčová slova
• Trypanosoma cruzi, high-fat diet, infectious disease, metabolic syndrome, metformin, mortality,
• MeSH
• adipozita účinky léků   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• bílá tuková tkáň účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   parazitologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• Chagasova nemoc krev   imunologie   metabolismus   parazitologie   MeSH
• cytokiny krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• hypoglykemika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• leptin krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom farmakoterapie   etiologie   imunologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• metformin farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• modely imunologické * MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• obezita krev   imunologie   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• předkožka účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   parazitologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   parazitologie   MeSH
• Trypanosoma cruzi účinky léků   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• leptin MeSH
• metformin MeSH

OBJECTIVE. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) is extensively expressed by advanced atherosclerotic lesions and may play a role in plaque instability. We selected a group of elderly subjects that underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or balloon angioplasty (BA) and separated them into two groups, diabetic and nondiabetic, to compare the level of Lp-PLA₂ mass between them. METHODS. 44 patients aged 79.6 ± 5.6 years with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis underwent TAVI (n = 35) or BA (n = 9). 21 subjects had confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lp-PLA₂ mass was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (USCN Life Science, China) before and 3 days after the procedure. RESULTS. Lp-PLA₂ mass was significantly elevated in this population (1296 ± 358 ng/mL before TAVI; 1413 ± 268 ng/mL before BA) and further increased after TAVI (1604 ± 437 ng/mL, P < 0.01) or BA (1808 ± 303 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Lp-PLA₂ mass was significantly increased on the diabetic group before these interventions. CONCLUSION. Lp-PLA₂ may be a novel biomarker for the presence of rupture-prone atherosclerotic lesions in elderly patients. Levels of Lp-PLA₂ in diabetic patients may accompany the higher amount of small dense LDL particles seen in these subjects.

• MeSH
• 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerofosfocholinesterasa krev   MeSH
• aortální chlopeň chirurgie   MeSH
• aortální stenóza komplikace   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• aterosklerotický plát etiologie   MeSH
• ateroskleróza krev   komplikace   enzymologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• balónková angioplastika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• chirurgická náhrada chlopně škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu komplikace   MeSH
• diabetické angiopatie krev   enzymologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• upregulace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerofosfocholinesterasa MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• PLA2G7 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč