INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the results of the fluctuations of intraocular pressure (IOP) and calculated mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) during the usual steps of standard phacoemulsification. METHODS: Nine human eyes were evaluated. The IOP was measured indirectly by electronic applanation tonometer. The MOPP was calculated using the systolic blood pressure (SBP), the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the IOP: MOPP = 2/3x[DBP + 1/3x(SBP - DBP)] - IOP. The operations were performed with the INFINITI® Vision System: main incision 2.2 mm, coaxial handpiece, 2 paracenteses 1.1 mm, bimanual irrigation/aspiration, bottle height 100 cm. As ocular viscoelastic device (OVD) Hypromel 2.5% (UNIMED) was used. RESULTS: The initial and final IOPs were 17-30 Torr (median 18) and 6-16 Torr (median 8), respectively. The IOP values oscillated between 4 and 63 Torr during the procedure. The highest values of the IOP were achieved at the beginning of phacoemulsification (from 42 to 63 Torr). The maximum pressure higher than 50 mmHg and 60 mmHg was found in 89% and 30% of cases, respectively. The mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) at the beginning of the procedure was 46.4-67.0 (median 53.3) and 0.4-42.0 (median 19.3) during the maximum intraocular pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Measured IOP as well as MOPP varied in all normal steps of real phacoemulsification. High values of intraoperative IOL induced by irrigation may compromise the intraocular perfusion. These fluctuations may induce impairment of the optic nerve perfusion, as well as retina, or choroid.

• Klíčová slova
• intraocular pressure, intraoperative IOP, perfusion, phacoemulsification,
• MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• glaukom chirurgie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tonometrie oční metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The paper reports the results obtained with reduction of intraocular pressure in 38 eyes of 38 patients with acute neovascular glaucoma. Cyclocryocoagulation alone was made in 12 eyes, 26 eyes were treated by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation combined with cyclocryocoagulation. In eyes treated by cyclocryocoagulation alone the intraocular pressure less than 26 mmHg was on 5th day after operation in 41.6%, on 10th day in 66.7%. However, this effect was transient in one-third of the patients, and no effect was found in one-third of eyes. In eyes treated by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation combined with cyclocryocoagulation, the intraocular pressure less than 26 mmHg by 3 days after operation was recorded in 50%, by 10 days in 76.9%. Postoperative hypotension developed in 27%. It is concluded that intraocular pressure in neovascular glaucoma is better managed by transscleral panretinal cryocoagulation with concurrent cyclocryocoagulation than by cyclocryocoagulation alone.

• MeSH
• glaukom neovaskulární patofyziologie   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• kryochirurgie * MeSH
• kryoterapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE/pharmacology *, UREA/pharmacology *,
• MeSH
• močovina farmakologie   MeSH
• nitrooční tlak farmakologie   MeSH
• oční nemoci * MeSH
• tonometrie oční * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• močovina MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE *,
• MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * MeSH
• oční nemoci * MeSH
• tonometrie oční * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the intraocular pressure response to normobaric hypoxia and the consequent recovery under additional well-controlled ambient conditions. Second, the study attempted to determine if the intraocular pressure changes were dependent on its baseline, initial heart rate, sex and arterial oxygen saturation. Methods: Thirty-eight visually healthy volunteers (23 women and 15 men) of an average age 25.2 ± 3.8 years from 49 recruited participants met the inclusion criteria and performed the complete test. Initial intraocular pressure (baseline), heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation were measured after 7 min of rest under normal ambient conditions at an altitude 250 m above sea level. Each subject then underwent a 10 min normobaric hypoxic exposure and a subsequent 7 min recovery under normoxic conditions. Within hypoxic period, subjects were challenged to breathe hypoxic gas mixture with fraction of inspired oxygen of 9.6% (~6.200 m above sea level). Intraocular pressure and arterial oxygen saturation were re-measured at 4 and 10 min during the hypoxia and at 7 min after hypoxia termination. Results: Intraocular pressure increased in 1.2 mmHg ± 1.9 mmHg and 0.9 mmHg ± 2.3 mmHg at 4 and 10 min during the hypoxic period and returned approximately to the baseline at 7 min of recovery. The influence of sex was not statistically significant. The arterial oxygen saturation decreased in 14.9 ± 4.2% at min 4 and 18.4 ± 5.8% at min 10 during hypoxia and returned to the resting value at 7 min of recovery. The decrease was slightly higher in the case of women if compared with men. The hypoxia induced changes in intraocular pressure were significantly correlated with the arterial oxygen saturation changes, whereas the relationship with intraocular pressure baseline and initial heart rate were insignificant. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in intraocular pressure as a response to short-term normobaric hypoxia, which returned to the baseline in 7 min after hypoxia. The increase was dependent on the induced oxygen desaturation.

• Klíčová slova
• glaucoma, hypoxia, intraocular pressure, normobaric hypoxia, oxygen saturation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) time response to change in body position from sitting to supine and from supine to sitting immediately and during rest in each position. METHODS: Forty-four visually healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. The experiment consisted of the initial sitting position (baseline state), the subsequent lying period and the final sitting period. Both periods were 30 min long. The IOP was measured in the baseline state, immediately after each position change and then in minutes 5, 15, 25 and 30 during each period. The Icare Pro® rebound tonometer was used. RESULTS: The mean IOP increased after each position change (2.6 ± 2.4 mmHg after lying down and 2.1 ± 3.1 mmHg after sitting up) and then gradually decreased with time. The mean IOP was 1.41 ± 2.4 mmHg higher in the lying period than in the sitting period; the mean difference was smaller for the lower baseline (0.9 ± 2.2 mmHg) than the higher baseline (1.9 ± 2.5 mmHg). The mean IOP in the final sitting was significantly lower (2.5 ± 1.9 mmHg) than in the initial sitting position. The effect of sex was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There was an immediate increase in IOP as a response to both changes in the body position and the subsequent gradual decrease with time. The IOP difference between lying and sitting position was depended on baseline.

• Klíčová slova
• baseline, body position, intraocular pressure, sitting, supine, time course,
• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nitrooční tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• pozice sedu * MeSH
• supinační poloha * MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between intraocular pressure (IOP) and thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and vascular density (VD) in the optic nerve. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: IOP was greater than 21 mmHg (21-36 mmHg) in all eyes and was measured as the result of an average of three measurements with the instrument Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert). RNFL and VD thickness (in the papillary region of 4.5 x 4.5 mm) was measured with the instrument Avanti RTVue XR (Optovue). In the case of the VD, the scan area was further separated into individual anatomical segments. In the case of corrected RNFL (RNFLc), the VD value was subtracted from the total RNFL value. The relationship of IOP to VD, RNFL and RNFLc in each peripapillary segment was determined using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The most significant correlation with IOP was observed for small vessel VD in a full scan (r = -0.48) and VD in the IT segment (r = -0.48). A similar correlation was observed for IOP and RNFL (r = -0.42). No statistically significant correlation was observed for RNFLc. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that VD values, specifically WI-VDs and peripapillary VDs in the IT segment, are significant markers for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.

• Klíčová slova
• intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer, vessel density,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nervová vlákna * patologie   MeSH
• nervus opticus diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * MeSH
• retinální cévy diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CATARACT EXTRACTION *, INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE *,
• MeSH
• extrakce katarakty * MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• gonioskopie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * MeSH
• tonometrie oční * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The pathogenesis of neovascular glaucoma is summarized. Elevation of intraocular pressure is mostly associated with mechanical obstruction of the anterior chamber angle by the fibrovascular membrane, as well as with an enhanced ultrafiltration from the newly formed vessels. Drug therapy is insufficient. Standard filtering surgery is unsatisfactory with regard to the control of intraocular pressure and hemorrhagic complications. The drainage implants appear to be promising. Panretinal photocoagulation is unfavorable due to turbidity of the optical media. Favorable therapeutical results were achieved with cryosurgical techniques, namely panretinal cryocoagulation, combined with cyclocryocoagulation. Cyclocryocoagulation alone accounts for a high percentage of complications and therapeutical results are not convincing.

• MeSH
• glaukom neovaskulární patofyziologie   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• kryochirurgie * MeSH
• kryoterapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neúspěšná terapie MeSH
• nitrooční tlak * MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIM: To compare intraocular pressure readings (IOP) measured by ICARE PRO and ORA G3 and analyse the influence of the corneal hysteresis (CH), central corneal thickness (CCT), average central corneal radius, corneal astigmatism and age on the readings. In addition, to compare the repeatability of measurement by both tonometers. METHODS: The data was collected by IOP measurements in both eyes in 40 individuals between ages of 41 and 86 years. The number of 74 eyes (70 eyes in the case of ORA repeatability) were included to the study, remaining eyes were excluded due to incomplete data, abnormal cornea or low quality of measurement. The subjects were all diagnosed for glaucoma or were suspected of having glaucoma. In the case of ORA tonometer, the Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPG) and corneal compensated IOP (IOPCC) were monitored. The CH was measured by ORA, CCT by ultrasound pachymeter and corneal curvature and astigmatism by autokeratometer. The effect of corneal parameters and age on IOP or on differences between tonometers were analysed by multiple linear regression. The comparison of readings from both tonometers and repeatability analysis (based on test-retest) were realised using a paired t-test and a Bland-Altman method. The level of statistical significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS: The IOP readings from both tonometers were positively correlated with CCT and negatively with CH. The effects of other monitored parameters were insignificant. The mean ICARE PRO reading did not differ significantly from IOPG but were significantly lower than IOPCC. The variability of differences was, however, high in both cases and differences were influenced by IOP and CH (ICARE PRO shown higher readings with decreasing IOP and increasing hysteresis). The lowest repeatability coefficient shown ICARE PRO, the worst IOPCC (3.0 mmHg for ICARE PRO, 3.8 mmHg for IOPG and 4.8 mmHg for IOPCC). CONCLUSION: The IOP values measured by both considered tonometers are significantly influenced by corneal hysteresis and central thickness. The effect of CCT can arise from an effect of a corneal stiffness. Regarding the high variability of mutual differences, the data from ICARE PRO and ORA are not interchangeable. The repeatability of ICARE PRO was comparable with Goldmann applanation tonometer measurement under given conditions, and better than ORA.

• Klíčová slova
• ICARE, ORA, central corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, intraocular pressure,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glaukom * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci rohovky * MeSH
• nitrooční tlak MeSH
• rohovka * fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tonometrie oční MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH