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PURPOSE: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) time response to change in body position from sitting to supine and from supine to sitting immediately and during rest in each position. METHODS: Forty-four visually healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. The experiment consisted of the initial sitting position (baseline state), the subsequent lying period and the final sitting period. Both periods were 30 min long. The IOP was measured in the baseline state, immediately after each position change and then in minutes 5, 15, 25 and 30 during each period. The Icare Pro® rebound tonometer was used. RESULTS: The mean IOP increased after each position change (2.6 ± 2.4 mmHg after lying down and 2.1 ± 3.1 mmHg after sitting up) and then gradually decreased with time. The mean IOP was 1.41 ± 2.4 mmHg higher in the lying period than in the sitting period; the mean difference was smaller for the lower baseline (0.9 ± 2.2 mmHg) than the higher baseline (1.9 ± 2.5 mmHg). The mean IOP in the final sitting was significantly lower (2.5 ± 1.9 mmHg) than in the initial sitting position. The effect of sex was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: There was an immediate increase in IOP as a response to both changes in the body position and the subsequent gradual decrease with time. The IOP difference between lying and sitting position was depended on baseline.
- Klíčová slova
- baseline, body position, intraocular pressure, sitting, supine, time course,
- MeSH
- analýza rozptylu MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nitrooční tlak fyziologie MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- pozice sedu * MeSH
- supinační poloha * MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Obesity in older adults is linked to various chronic conditions and decreased quality of life. Traditional physical activity guidelines often overlook the specific postures and movements that older adults engage in daily. This study aims to explore the compositional associations between posture-specific behaviours and obesity risk in younger (M = 67.35 ± 2.03 years) and older (M = 75.73 ± 4.17 years) groups of older adults and investigate the differences in body mass index (BMI) associated with replacing time spent in lying, sitting and standing with moving or walking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 309 older adults aged 65 and above from Czech Republic. Participants' movement behaviours, including lying, sitting, standing, moving, and walking, were measured using accelerometers. The data were analysed using compositional data analysis (CoDA) and isotemporal substitution models to assess the impact of reallocating time between different activities on self-reported (BMI). RESULTS: The younger group engaged in more overall movement (193.84 min/day vs. 172.41 min/day) and walking (92.15 min/day vs. 76.62 min/day) than the older group. Significant estimated increases in BMI were associated with reallocating 30 min from movement to lying, sitting, or standing (up to + 3.31 kg/m²), while reallocating the same amount of time from lying, sitting, or standing to movement was associated with estimated reductions in BMI (up to - 2.54 kg/m²). In the older group, reallocating time from slow walking to lying or sitting was associated with estimated increases in BMI (up to + 1.86 kg/m²), while increasing time spent slow walking at the expense of lying or sitting theoretically reduced BMI (up to - 0.95 kg/m²). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that promoting movement and walking, including both slow and fast walking, may play a role in managing obesity risk in older adults. This study highlights the potential benefits of reducing sedentary time and encouraging low-intensity physical activity tailored to the capabilities of seniors, especially those aged 70+, as a possible strategy to mitigate obesity risk. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and explore causal relationships.
- Klíčová slova
- backwards pivot coordinates, body mass index, sitting, slow walking, standing,
- MeSH
- akcelerometrie metody MeSH
- chůze * fyziologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita * epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- postura těla fyziologie MeSH
- pozice sedu * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stoj * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
The objective of this paper was to determine the relationship between hand grip strength and movement time (locomotor efficiency in a seated position using the upper and lower extremities) in sitting volleyball players. In addition, a comparison was made between the velocity curves for forward and backward locomotion. Nine male members of the sitting volleyball team participated in the study. Hydraulic and spring manual dynamometers were used to measure hand grip strength. Movement times were registered for distances of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10-m with the use of the Smart Speed System photocells. Significant relationships between hand grip strength of the left (rs=-0.78) and right (rs=-0.73) hands and the forward movement time over a distance of 1-m were found. Hand grip strength had no significant relationship with either forward movement times at other distances or backward movement times. Results suggest that hand strength is linked to locomotor efficiency of sitting volleyball players. High hand grip strength makes the start easier by pushing away from the ground with the upper limbs.
- Klíčová slova
- disabled athletes, locomotor efficiency, motor abilities, sitting volleyball,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Year after year, we spend an increasing amount of time in a sitting position. Often, we sit with poor posture, as indicated by numerous pain syndromes within the musculoskeletal system. Several reports confirm that body posture and the amount of time spent in a seated position have extensive implications for our health. Previous studies and a literature review suggest there is limited knowledge regarding an ergonomic sitting position. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the research relating to a proper sitting position and the consequences of incorrect sitting posture. A database search was conducted in Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Selection was made on the basis of titles, the abstracts and full texts of the studies. No limits were applied to the date of publication. CONCLUSIONS: Incorrect sitting posture contributes to many disorders, especially in the cervical and lumbar spine. It also determines the work of the respiratory system. Most authors suggest that maintenance of the physiological curvature of the spine is crucial for the biomechanics of the sitting position, as well as the location of the head and position of the pelvis. It raises awareness of work-related hazards and the introduction of education on the principles of proper seating. It is necessary to draw attention to the risks associated with work performed in a sitting posture, and education on the principles of ergonomical sitting.
BACKGROUND: The Timed Up and Go test is a well-known clinical test for assessing of mobility and fall risk. It has been shown that the IMU which use an accelerometer and gyroscope are capable of analysing the quantitative parameters of the sit-to-stand transition. RESEARCH QUESTION: Which signals obtained by the inertial sensors are suitable for continuous Timed Up & Go test sit-to-stand transition analysis? METHODS: In the study we included 29 older adult volunteers and 31 de-novo Parkinson disease (PD) patients. All subjects performed an instrumented extended TUG wearing a gyro-accelerometer. The sit-to-stand transition was detected from an angular velocity signal. The sit-to-stand signal pattern within the subject group was analyzed via an intra-class correlation between curves. Inter-subjects' variability was visualized using prediction bands. RESULTS: The angular velocity about the pitch axis exhibited the best signal match across subjects in both groups (0.50 < ICC < 0.75). When analysing acceleration, the acceleration along the antero-posterior axis showed moderate inter-subjects signal pattern match (0.50 < ICC < 0.75) in the reference group. The analysis of other signals revealed a poor signal pattern in both subject groups. SIGNIFICANCE: For optimal interpretation of the analysis of continuous curves, the signal pattern must be considered. Also, the inter-subject variability along this pattern can be informative and useful.
- Klíčová slova
- Acceleration, Angular velocity, Prediction bands, Repeatability,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posturální rovnováha fyziologie MeSH
- pozice sedu MeSH
- stoj MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of replacing sitting with standing on cardiovascular risk factors tested in clinical trials. METHODS: We searched databases from inception up to August 28, 2019, for studies examining the effect of replacing sitting with standing on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and lipid levels; blood pressure; body fat mass; weight; and waist circumference in healthy adults. Differences in mean ± SD values were used for pooling the data and calculating the mean differences and CIs. RESULTS: The search found 3507 abstracts. Nine clinical trials (8 randomized and 1 nonrandomized) with 877 (64.4% [n=565] women) participants met all inclusion criteria. The mean ± SD age was 45.34±5.41 years; mean follow-up was 3.81 months, and mean difference in standing time between the intervention and control groups was 1.33 hours per day. The follow-up fasting blood glucose and body fat mass values were slightly but significantly lower than baseline records in the intervention groups compared with control groups (-2.53; 95% CI, -4.27 to -0.79 mg/dL; and -0.75; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.59 kg). The analysis for fasting insulin levels, lipid levels, blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSION: Replacing sitting with standing can result in very small but statistically significant decreases in fasting blood glucose levels and body fat mass with no significant effect on lipid levels, blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference. Replacing sitting with standing can be used as an adjunctive intervention to decrease the burden of cardiovascular risk factors but cannot be used as an alternative to physical activity to decrease sedentary time.
- Klíčová slova
- BFM, body fat mass, BMI, body mass index, CVD, cardiovascular disease, FBG, fasting blood glucose, FI, fasting insulin, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein, TC, total cholesterol, TG, triglycerides, WC, waist circumference,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
During the first step of gene expression, RNA polymerase (RNAP) engages DNA to transcribe RNA, forming highly stable complexes. These complexes need to be dissociated at the end of transcription units or when RNAP stalls during elongation and becomes an obstacle ('sitting duck') to further transcription or replication. In this review, we first outline the mechanisms involved in these processes. Then, we explore in detail the torpedo mechanism whereby a 5'-3' RNA exonuclease (torpedo) latches itself onto the 5' end of RNA protruding from RNAP, degrades it and upon contact with RNAP, induces dissociation of the complex. This mechanism, originally described in Eukaryotes and executed by Xrn-type 5'-3' exonucleases, was recently found in Bacteria and Archaea, mediated by β-CASP family exonucleases. We discuss the mechanistic aspects of this process across the three kingdoms of life and conclude that 5'-3' exoribonucleases (β-CASP and Xrn families) involved in the ancient torpedo mechanism have emerged at least twice during evolution.
- MeSH
- Archaea genetika MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy metabolismus MeSH
- DNA metabolismus MeSH
- Eukaryota genetika MeSH
- exoribonukleasy metabolismus MeSH
- genetická transkripce MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 5'-exoribonuclease MeSH Prohlížeč
- DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy MeSH
- DNA MeSH
- exoribonukleasy MeSH
Brokerage is a central concept in the organization literature. It has been argued that individuals in broker positions-i.e., connecting otherwise disconnected parts within a firm's social network-can control the flow of information. It would imply their increased relevance in workplace gossip. This allegation, however, has not been addressed empirically yet. To fill this gap, we apply social network analysis techniques to relational data from six organizations in Hungary. First, we identify informal groups and individuals in broker positions. Then, we use this information to predict the likelihood with which positive or negative gossip is reported. We find more gossip when the sender and receiver are part of the same group and more positive gossip about in-group rather than out-group targets. Individuals in broker positions are more likely the senders and targets of negative gossip. Finally, even if both the brokers and the boss(es) are the targets of their colleagues' negative gossip, the combination of the two categories (bosses in broker positions) does not predict more negative gossip anymore. Results are discussed in relation to the theoretical accounts on brokerage that emphasize its power for information control but fail to recognize the pitfalls of being in such positions.
- Klíčová slova
- brokerage, informal groups, multilevel analysis, organizational networks, workplace gossip,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment of patients with chronic subdural hematoma using middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization could become an alternative to surgical hematoma evacuation. The aim of the study was to compare methods and identify parameters to help determine the correct treatment modality. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 142 cases conducted internally; 78 were treated surgically and 64 were treated using MMA embolization. We analyzed the treatment failure rate and complications, and using a binary logistic regression model, we identified treatment failure risk factors. RESULTS: We found a comparable treatment failure rate of 23.1% for the surgery group and 21.9% for the MMA embolization group. However, in the MMA embolization group, 11 cases showed treatment failure due to early neurological worsening with a need for concomitant surgery. We also found a recurrence of hematoma in 15.4% of cases in the surgery group and 6.3% of cases in the MMA embolization group. CONCLUSION: Both modalities have their advantages; however, correct identification is crucial for treatment success. According to our findings, hematomas with a maximal width of <18 mm, a midline shift of <5 mm, and no acute or subacute (hyperdense) hematoma could be treated with MMA embolization. Hematomas with a maximal width of >18 mm, a midline shift of >5 mm, and no membranous segmentation could have better outcomes after surgical treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- burr hole trepanation, craniotomy, embolization, endovascular treatment, middle meningeal artery, subdural hematoma, surgery, treatment failure,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
An injury of cyclists during a collision with a car is currently a neglected topic. Most research projects evaluate in detail the injury of pedestrians, but with an increasing number of cyclists it will be necessary to devote more attention to their safety. This study is focused on the most common type of collision and offers insights into the biomechanics of cyclist's head injury without the use of bicycle helmet. Initial mechanical and kinematic conditions that affect Head Injury Criterion (HIC) after a car hits a cyclist were determined using simulation software MADYMO. In relation to HIC, three different shapes of the front part of the car and three basic cyclist's positions were compared.
- MeSH
- automobily MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- cyklistika * MeSH
- dopravní nehody * MeSH
- kraniocerebrální traumata patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb MeSH
- postura těla * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
