• MeSH
• azoly MeSH
• injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
• isoniazid MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina aminooxyoctová MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azoly MeSH
• isoniazid MeSH
• kyselina aminooxyoctová MeSH

We studied the convulsant action of homocysteine in 211 immature and adult Wistar albino rats. Homocysteine elicited minimal, predominantly clonic, and major generalized tonic-clonic seizures at six different developmental stages, from 7 days to adulthood. Nevertheless, some age-dependent differences in the seizure pattern were apparent. Minimal seizures in immature rats lasted < or = 20 min, thus representing an epileptic status, whereas in adult animals these seizures were much shorter, lasting only < or = 40 s. In addition, flexion seizures were observed in 7- and 12-day-old rats, only rarely in 15- and 18-day-old animals, and never in the 25-day-old and adult rats. ECoG recordings demonstrated a nearly isoelectric pattern during homocysteine-induced seizures in 7- and 12-day-old rat pups. In older rats, spikes or sharp waves were recorded, but precise electroclinical correlations were poor. The greater sensitivity of younger animals to kainic acid (KA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), as reported previously, was not evident in the case of homocysteine-induced seizures. This observation, together with a different behavioral pattern, suggests that homocysteine cannot be considered a simple agonist of the kainate or NMDA type of excitatory amino acid receptors. The exact mechanism of the convulsant action of homocysteine, both during development and in adulthood, remains to be clarified.

• MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• excitační aminokyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• glutamátové receptory účinky léků   MeSH
• homocystein farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina kainová farmakologie   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• N-methylaspartát farmakologie   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• záchvaty etiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• excitační aminokyseliny MeSH
• glutamátové receptory MeSH
• homocystein MeSH
• kyselina kainová MeSH
• N-methylaspartát MeSH

Effects of metrazol (pentylenetetrazole and ethosuximide were studied in male albino rats aged 7, 12, 18 and 90 days. The 18-day-old rats exhibited the highest sensitivity to metrazol. CD50s in the remaining three age groups were nearly the same. Ethosuximide was reliably effective against metrazol only in adult rats; in young animals it did not significantly change CD50s. Metrazol induced in ethosuximide-pretreated young rats either modified (long-lasting minimal seizures in 18-day-old animals) or new seizure patterns (minimal seizures in 7- and 12-day-old rats).

• MeSH
• ethosuximid farmakologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• pentylentetrazol antagonisté a inhibitory   toxicita   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ethosuximid MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH

Metrazol administered subcutaneously at a dose of 80 mg . kg-1 elicited genuine minimal seizures (predominantly clonic) in adult, 45- and 25-day-old rats. The same dose of metrazol resulted in long-lasting generalized tonic-clonic seizures in rats aged 15 days and younger. Eighteen-day-old rats represented a transitory stage in which both types of seizures were present: minor seizures at first and then, after a short resting period, major seizures. A different seizure pattern in young rats was not induced by their higher sensitivity to metrazol, but was caused by the level of neural maturation.

• MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• pentylentetrazol * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• pentylentetrazol * MeSH

The anticonvulsant actions of lamotrigine and phenytoin against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures were compared in laboratory rats during ontogenesis. Both drugs (lamotrigine in doses of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg and phenytoin in doses of 5, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before pentylenetetrazol. Phenytoin and lamotrigine did not affect the incidence or latency of minimal (i.e., predominantly clonic, nongeneralized) seizures, although pretreatment with phenytoin changed the pattern of this phenomenon from short (10-30-s) seizures to long-lasting 'status of minimal seizures'. Both drugs abolished selectively the tonic phase of major, i.e., generalized tonic-clonic seizures, usually without any influence on the clonic phase of these seizures. Only the highest dose of phenytoin in adult animals suppressed the generalized tonic-clonic seizures as a whole. The study did not reveal any change of action of lamotrigine or phenytoin against pentylenetetrazol-induced motor seizures throughout development.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva farmakologie   MeSH
• epilepsie tonicko-klonická chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fenytoin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lamotrigin MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• triaziny farmakologie   MeSH
• záchvaty patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• fenytoin MeSH
• lamotrigin MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• triaziny MeSH

• MeSH
• dominance mozková účinky léků   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• evokované potenciály účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mozková kůra účinky léků   MeSH
• penicilin G farmakologie   MeSH
• pentylentetrazol farmakologie   MeSH
• somatosenzorické korové centrum účinky léků   MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• penicilin G MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH

An anticonvulsant action of ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist (5-40 mg/kg IP), on the bicuculline-induced (3-8 mg/kg IP) or picrotoxin-induced seizures (3-6 mg/kg IP) was assessed in male Wistar rats aged 7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days. Ketamine alone caused moderate ataxia which was more pronounced in younger animals. In combination with both aforementioned convulsants, ketamine exerted anticonvulsant effects against generalized tonic-clonic seizures in all developmental stages studied. This effect was more pronounced in bicuculline-treated animals. Moreover, ketamine also suppressed the lethality induced by both drugs during all the development. On the contrary, the action of ketamine on minimal (clonic) seizures was moderate or absent. Our results suggest an important role of ketamine-affected transmission in the generation of the generalized tonic-clonic seizure pattern; moreover, an action of high doses of ketamine on GABA-A receptors might be present.

• MeSH
• ataxie chemicky indukované   MeSH
• bikukulin antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• ketamin farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• pikrotoxin antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bikukulin MeSH
• ketamin MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• pikrotoxin MeSH

The anticonvulsant action of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (AP7) was assessed during ontogenesis of the rat. Animals of five age groups (7, 12, 18, 25, and 90 days) were pretreated with AP7 i.p. in the doses from 15 to 60 mg/kg 30 min prior to pentamethylenetetrazol (PTZ; metrazol; 100 mg/kg s.c.). The incidence and latency of minimal seizures (pure clonic without the loss of righting ability) and of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (major) were evaluated and compared with the control groups. Minimal metrazol seizures were not regularly observed in controls between ages 7 and 12 days. An increased incidence was noticed in AP7-treated groups. In animals of 18 days of age and older the AP7-pretreatment did not influence incidence of minimal seizures; the latencies were significantly lengthened only in 18-day-old animals. Major seizures were significantly suppressed with the highest dose of AP7 (60 mg/kg) in all groups except 7-day-old rats. In 90-day-old rats all doses of AP7 were effective in the suppression of major seizures. The latencies of major seizures were increased in 7 and 18 days old rats. It appears that the blockade of NMDA receptor substantially influences the major seizures induced by PTZ, whereas minimal (clonic) seizures are affected weakly. This suggests an important role of NMDA receptor-mediated transmission in the genesis of generalized tonic-clonic seizure pattern.

• MeSH
• 2-amino-5-fosfonovalerát * analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• aminokyseliny farmakologie   MeSH
• antikonvulziva * MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
• pentylentetrazol škodlivé účinky   antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• premedikace MeSH
• receptory aminokyselin * MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-amino-5-fosfonovalerát * MeSH
• 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antikonvulziva * MeSH
• aspartic acid receptor MeSH Prohlížeč
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• receptory aminokyselin * MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu MeSH

Because of its preferential neuroexcitatory effects on the hippocampal neurones kainic acid (KA) is used for inducing partial seizures with a complex symptomatology. In this study the authors investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of KA, in doses of 2-16 mg/kg, on the laboratory rat during ontogenesis. The experimental animals were males aged 7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days. The first signs of an effect in adult rats were automatisms; in young animals, jerks also appeared. The most important automatisms were wet dog shakes, which preponderated in 25-day-old and older animals, whereas in the young rats they consisted chiefly of intensive scratching. Minimal seizures with a motor pattern identical to minimal metrazol seizures were observed in all the age groups and so were generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, which appeared after large doses of KA. The systemic administration of KA is a convenient model of temporal seizures and their progressive generalization and could act as a model for testing broad spectrum antiepileptics.

• MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina kainová * MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina kainová * MeSH

Aminophylline-induced seizures were studied in 166 male albino rats in five age groups--7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old. Aminophylline injected in doses from 150-350 mg/kg i.p. elicited both minimal, clonic and major, i.e. generalized tonic-clonic seizures during the 60-min observation period. The pattern of minimal seizures did not change during development; major seizures exhibited changes in proportion to their three phases--running, tonic and clonic phases. Dependence on the dose of aminophylline was observed in the incidence of major seizures as well as in shortening of latencies of both types of seizures. More marked convulsant effects of aminophylline in 7-, 12- and 18-day-old rat pups than in older animals might be due to pharmacokinetic as well as pharmacodynamic factors.

• MeSH
• aminofylin toxicita   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• epilepsie tonicko-klonická chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• konvulziva toxicita   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminofylin MeSH
• konvulziva MeSH