This review summarizes the highlights in hepatopathology presented during the Prague Hepatology Meeting 2010. Gut flora (microbiome) and intestinal permeability seems to play an important role during progression into liver cirrhosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Molecular diagnosis allows the distinction of several types of hepatocellular adenoma with different risks of malignant progression. Experimental hepatology is currently focused on the role of epigenetics during pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The most studied topic in viral hepatitis C is the mechanisms of resistance to antiviral treatment. Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the role of keratins in the pathology of liver disease are areas of scientific interest as well.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jater diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the life and work in Prague of the famous ophthalmologist Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt (1812‒1887). The paper presents data on his stay in Prague while studying Medicine and working as a private physician and ophthalmologist. Professor von Arlt was Head of the Chair of Ophthalmology at Charles University. He was Director of the Eye Clinic at Prague General Hospital from 1849 to 1856. A detailed description is given of his residences and their appearance today. Very little has been written about this aspect, so the paper will be a supplement to his impressive biography. A brief, chronological, systematic and concise biography is also provided, including details of his family and his contributions to Ophthalmology. During his 25-year stay in Prague (1831-1856), he commuted between the city centre and the General Hospital where he worked. He changed the location of his residence five times. It is important to note and not to forget where one of the greatest ophthalmologists of the 19th century worked and resided in Prague.

• Klíčová slova
• 19th century, Carl Ferdinand Ritter von Arlt, Prague, history, ophthalmology,
• MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oftalmologie * MeSH
• oftalmologové * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate a group of bariatric patients operated at the Military University Hospital in Prague during the last 10 years (20112020), in whom laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed. METHODS: Retrospective survey of the internal operation database. The search used the following combination of keywords: “sleeve“, “LSG“ and the diagnosis “E6*“. A total of 279 operated patients were enrolled. We evaluated the sex, age at the time of surgery, complications, need for drainage, weight, BMI, presence of type two diabetes mellitus and any effect of the surgery on its improvement, length of hospital stay, follow-up duration and % excess weight loss. RESULTS: A total of 279 patients, including 195 women and 84 men, underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the period of 10 years. The mean age was 44.46 years. The average operating time was 111 minutes. The mean BMI of the patients before surgery was 42.24 and the weight was 123.4 kg. The mean BMI one year after the surgery corresponded to a decrease of approximately 10 and the mean weight of 93.8 kg. Rather severe acute postoperative complications occurred in 2.87% patients. An improvement or complete cure of type two diabetes mellitus was observed in 57.8% patients. CONCLUSION: Currently, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the most common bariatric operation at the Military University Hospital in Prague. This study demonstrates a satisfactory effect of bariatric surgery in terms of long-term significant weight loss and an improvement or even cure of associated diseases such as type two diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and others.

• Klíčová slova
• Military University Hospital in Prague, bariatrics, bariatry, laparoscopy, obesity, sleeve gastrectomy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gastrektomie MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• laparoskopie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidní obezita * chirurgie   MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The early detection of upcoming disease outbreaks is essential to avoid both health and economic damage. The last four years of COVID-19 pandemic have proven wastewater-based epidemiology is a reliable system for monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of COVID-19, in an urban population. As this monitoring enables the identification of the prevalence of spreading variants of SARS-CoV-2, it could provide a critical tool in the fight against this viral disease. In this study, we evaluated the presence of variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 in Prague wastewater using nanopore-based sequencing. During August 2021, the data clearly showed that the number of identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies increased in the wastewater earlier than in clinical samples indicating the upcoming wave of the Delta variant. New SARS-CoV-2 variants consistently prevailed in wastewater samples around a month after they already prevailed in clinical samples. We also analyzed wastewater samples from smaller sub-sewersheds of Prague and detected significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 lineage progression dynamics among individual localities studied, e.g., suggesting faster prevalence of new variants among the sites with highest population density and mobility.

• Klíčová slova
• Epidemiology, Nanopore-based sequencing, Prague, SARS-CoV-2, Variants, Wastewater,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanopóry * MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• odpadní voda MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Congress, EAS Consensus Panel, EAS FH studies collaboration, Highlights, LDL causes ASCVD, Managing triglycerides, Novel genetic insights, PCSK9 inhibition, Prague,
• MeSH
• ateroskleróza prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• hypercholesterolemie terapie   MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• kardiologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci krev   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• PCSK9 inhibitory MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• PCSK9 inhibitory MeSH
• PCSK9 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• triglyceridy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The randomized PRAGUE-17 trial demonstrated noninferiority of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) to non-vitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs) for the prevention of major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. However, the left atrial appendage is an important source of natriuretic peptides and plays a role in left atrial reservoir function. Changes of heart failure (HF) biomarkers after LAAC compared to NOAC has not been studied. The aim of the study was to compare the changes in concentrations of HF biomarkers between LAAC and NOAC patients. METHODS: Of 402 patients randomized in the PRAGUE-17 trial, biomarkers were analyzed in 144 patients (73 in the NOAC and 71 in the LAAC group). Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. Serum concentration of NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, Galectin-3, and GDF-15 were measured at baseline (before the procedure in the LAAC group), at the 6-month (and at 24-month for NT-proBNP) follow-up timepoint. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline, 6 month, and delta (δ = baseline - 6 month) concentrations of NT-proANP between the groups (NOAC: baseline 2.6 [0.5; 4.9], 6-month 3.1 [1.8; 4.8], p = .068; LAAC: baseline 3.3 [1.1; 4.6], 6-month 2.6 [0.9; 5.3], p = .51; p value for δ in concentrations between groups = 0.42). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline, 6, 24 months, and delta concentrations of NT-proBNP between the groups (NOAC: baseline 461.0 [113.5; 1342.0], 6 month 440.0 [120.5; 1291.5], 24 month 798 [274; 2236], p = .39; LAAC: baseline 421.0 [100.0; 1320.0], 6 month 601.0 [145.0; 1230.0], 24 month 855 [410; 1367], p = .28; p value for δ in concentrations between groups = 0.73 at 6 months, and 0.58 at 24 months). Finally, no significant differences were present in baseline, 6 month, and δ concentrations of Galectin-3 and GDF-15 between the two groups. CONCLUSION: LAAC did not significantly influence the levels of HF biomarkers 6 months after the procedure.

• Klíčová slova
• atrial natriuretic peptide, biomarkers, brain natriuretic peptide, left atrial appendage, left atrial appendage closure,
• MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
• fibrilace síní * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• síňové ouško * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• srdeční selhání * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikoagulancia MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH

BACKGROUND: Data comparing survival outcomes for women versus men transported for pPCI were absent. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of gender on 30-day mortality of patients with STEMI transported for pPCI. METHODS: The data from the PRAGUE-1 and PRAGUE-2 trials were analysed. Studies compared thrombolysis in the community hospital and pPCI after transportation to cardiocentre. A group of 520 patients treated with thrombolysis, and 530 transported for pPCI, were analysed. RESULTS: Women were older, with a higher risk profile. They had longer ischaemia time. Mortality of patients treated with TL was significantly higher in women than in men (15% vs 9%, p = 0.043). There was no significant gender difference in mortality in the PCI group (8.2% of women vs 6.2% of men, p = 0.409). Mortality of women treated with on-site TL was nearly twice as high as mortality of women transported for pPCI (p = 0.043). After adjustment in a multivariate model the odds ratio for mortality in women was 0.74 (95% CI 0.26 to 2.05; p = 0.556). CONCLUSION: Long-distance transportation of women with STEMI from a community hospital to a tertiary PCI centre is a significantly more effective treatment strategy than on-site TL. Gender did not determine survival in patients transported for pPCI.

• MeSH
• balónková koronární angioplastika metody   mortalita   MeSH
• epidemiologické metody MeSH
• infarkt myokardu farmakoterapie   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přemístění pacientů metody   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• reperfuze myokardu metody   mortalita   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• srdeční katetrizace metody   mortalita   MeSH
• trombolytická terapie metody   mortalita   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tobacco smoking is the most prevalent preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tobacco dependence is a paediatric disease: the majority of smokers light their first cigarette before they reach the age of 18. The paper evaluates anonymous questionnaires collected during 55 seminars at basic schools in Prague during 2006, where 776 students of the 3rd-9th classes took part. Lectors were specially trained medical students (4th and higher year of study) from three Medical Faculties in Prague, who additionally had experiences working as consultants of the Czech Quitline. The given structure of smoking prevention seminars is described. Almost half of children in the age of 8-15 years had some experience with smoking: 45.6% of girls (170/372) and a 47.9% of boys (189/394). Mean age of the first cigarette was 9.95 (SD 3.6) years. Those alarming data should lead to adoption of effective tobacco control measures in the society.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• prevence kouření MeSH
• studenti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

The article expresses main phenomena of the health care at the oldest Czech monastery - St. George Monastery at the Prague Castle - in the early modern period. The care is studied based on the period regulations, archive information about resident and local (para)medics, facilities, control or diseases. The medical problems had to be in the spotlight of the monastery inhabitants since every disease meant the paralysing of the nun community. In this respect, the monastery was not independent of its environs. The St. George nuns was often brought face to face with male (para)medics. Direction of the men within the monastery belonged to the main problems of the health care in the early modern female communities.

• Klíčová slova
• 17th century, 18th century, St. George Monastery at the Prague Castle, female monasteries, health care,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The article deals with the history of diagnostics in dermatovenerology on Medical Faculty in Prague from 1875 to 1910. Medical Reports of General Hospital in Prague from those years were used as the source of data. Three dermatologic and venereal diagnoses from years 1875, 1881, 1885, 1890, 1895, 1899, 1906 and 1910 were used for a statistic comparison. The article also contains short description of institutional background of dermatovenerology in Prague during this period.

• MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• erysipel diagnóza   epidemiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• svrab diagnóza   epidemiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• syfilis diagnóza   epidemiologie   dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH