This article provides an innovative approach for verification by model checking of programs that undergo continuous changes. To tackle the problem of repeating the entire model checking for each new version of the program, our approach verifies programs incrementally. It reuses computational history of the previous program version, namely function summaries. In particular, the summaries are over-approximations of the bounded program behaviors. Whenever reusing of summaries is not possible straight away, our algorithm repairs the summaries to maximize the chance of reusability of them for subsequent runs. We base our approach on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) to take full advantage of lightweight modeling approach and at the same time the ability to provide concise function summarization. Our approach leverages pre-computed function summaries in SMT to localize the checks of changed functions. Furthermore, to exploit the trade-off between precision and performance, our approach relies on the use of an SMT solver, not only for underlying reasoning, but also for program modeling and the adjustment of its precision. On the benchmark suite of primarily Linux device drivers versions, we demonstrate that our algorithm achieves an order of magnitude speedup compared to prior approaches.

• Keywords
• Craig interpolation, Incremental verification, Program changes, SMT solving, Symbolic model checking,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

AIMS: One of the most widely used evidence-based anti-bullying programs, KiVa, originates from Finland and aims to change students' peer context, activate teachers, and inform parents with two main components (universal preventive actions and indicated actions when bullying occurs), complemented by monitoring. Because research documented somewhat varied KiVa outcomes in different countries and because there is a lack of research focusing solely on the effectiveness of the universal and indicated actions, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of KiVa main components when implemented in a new country. This two-arm parallel cluster randomized control trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of the KiVa anti-bullying program in elementary schools in the Czech Republic. It examined the effects of the universal and indicated actions on self-reported bullying and victimization as primary outcomes and well-being as a secondary outcome, while keeping monitoring constant across the intervention and control schools. The study also examined the role of implementation fidelity on the proposed outcomes. METHODS: Schools were allocated via stratified randomization into a KiVa intervention group (12 schools, 35 classes, N = 407 students) or a wait-list control group (12 schools, 32 classes, N = 400 students). The study employed data from baseline and post-measurement waves, which were 10 months apart. RESULTS: The data were analyzed using linear mixed effects models, which showed no significant intervention or fidelity effects for bullying, victimization, and well-being. However, promising trends (at α < .10) were revealed, such as lower levels of bullying observed in the intervention group and in schools with high implementation fidelity. Additional analysis using Bayes factors supported these promising trends and provided moderate support for lower levels of victimization in the intervention group compared to the control schools. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of effectiveness of anti-bullying programs could benefit from a more targeted fidelity assessment at the classroom or individual level and from distinguishing between the effects of the main components of the programs and the effects of monitoring. The promising yet non-significant intervention and fidelity effects suggest that schools may require enhanced support and longer implementation time frames than a single school year, especially when implementation faces structural obstacles, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

• Keywords
• Anti-bullying programs, Bullying, Effectiveness, KiVa, Victimization, Well-being,
• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Program Evaluation * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Crime Victims MeSH
• Bullying * prevention & control   MeSH
• School Health Services organization & administration   MeSH
• Schools organization & administration   MeSH
• Students psychology   MeSH
• Peer Group MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Computer analysis of long-term results of the surgical treatment of glaucoma needs suitable program for database data download retrospectively and prospectively as well. We composed a universal database program Glaucoma Access 97 for patients' follow-up in glaucoma surgery centers. Data about 1073 antiglaucomatous filtering surgeries from the period 1990-2000 were downloaded. The program permits to download data about the patients before the surgery, details about the operation procedure, and from the follow-up visits into the database using special software questionnaire sheets. Outcome from the database may be data about long-term IOP compensation, visual acuity changes, and treatment after the surgery. Evaluation of the data allows to follow up the successfulness of the treatment of specified groups of patients and to compare results of surgeons and individual departments as well.

• MeSH
• Databases as Topic * MeSH
• Glaucoma surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• English Abstract MeSH
• Journal Article MeSH

Among the factors influencing weight loss and maintenance, psychobehavioral, nutritional, metabolic, hormonal and hereditary predictors play an important role. Psychobehavioral factors influence adherence to lifestyle changes and thus weight loss maintenance. The outcome of short-term weight reduction treatment is mainly affected by changes in energy and nutrient intake and physical activity and thus the impact of hormones can possibly be obscured. In order to reveal hormonal determinants of weight loss, a 4-week in-patient comprehensive weight reduction program was introduced in which food intake and physical activity were under the strict control. Women (n = 67, BMI: 32.4+/-4.4 kg; age: 48.7+/-12.2 years) who exhibited stable weight on a 7 MJ/day diet during the first week of weight management were given a hypocaloric diet yielding daily energy deficit 2.5 MJ over the subsequent 3-week period. This treatment resulted in a mean weight loss of 3.80+/-1.64 kg. Correlation analysis revealed that baseline concentrations of several hormones were significantly associated either with a higher (free triiodothyronine, C-peptide, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide) or with a lower (insulin-like growth factor-I, cortisol, adiponectin, neuropeptide Y) reduction of anthropometric parameters in response to weight management. In a backward stepwise regression model age, initial BMI together with baseline levels of growth hormone, peptide YY, neuropetide Y and C-reactive protein predicted 49.8 % of the variability in weight loss. Psychobehavioral factors (items of the Eating Inventory, Beck Depression score) did not contribute to weight change induced by a well-controlled short-term weight reduction program.

• MeSH
• C-Reactive Protein metabolism   MeSH
• Depression diagnosis   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Energy Intake MeSH
• Weight Loss * MeSH
• Program Evaluation MeSH
• Hormones blood   MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Overweight diet therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Obesity diet therapy   psychology   MeSH
• Motor Activity MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Diet, Reducing * MeSH
• Feeding Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• C-Reactive Protein MeSH
• Hormones MeSH

Majkić, B, Stojanović, N, Lilić, A, and Milanović, Z. The effects of a 6-week resisted small-sided games training program on the power performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 39(7): e870-e877, 2025-Small-sided games (SSG) with additional load can improve power performance in soccer players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week resisted SSG training program on power performance in young soccer players. Twenty-two under-17 top-national youth-level soccer players (age: 16.11 ± 0.41 years; height: 176.31 ± 5.71 cm; body mass: 65.16 ± 8.1 kg) were randomly allocated to a weighted vests group (WV; n = 11), which wore weighted vests of 10% of their body mass or control group (CG; n = 11) with no additional load during sessions. Subjects performed vertical jump test, sprint running test (5, 10, and 30 m), and change of direction tests (COD) (Slalom, t test, and 4 × 5 m). The 6-week experimental program, implemented into regular sessions, included 2 additional SSGs per week and consisted of 3 sets lasting 3 minutes with 3-minute rest intervals. The players were divided into 2 teams of 5 and 2 of 6 players, each consisting of a mix of players from WV and CG, and performed SSG on the field area corresponding to 75 m 2 per player. Results revealed an improvement for WV in jump height by 7.34% (ES = 1.79) and in Peak Power (PP) by 4.40%. Significant interaction effects were observed in the Slalom and 4 × 5 m tests, and there was a distinction for 5 and 30 m sprints but with no statistically significant interaction effects. It is concluded that implementing resisted SSGs during the preparatory period can enhance jump height, PP, COD, and 5 m sprint time in young soccer players.

• Keywords
• association football, change of direction, jump performance, sport-specific conditioning, sprinting time, weighted vest,
• MeSH
• Running physiology   MeSH
• Soccer * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Resistance Training * methods   MeSH
• Athletic Performance * physiology   MeSH
• Muscle Strength * physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Test MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

The most ancient macroscopic plants fossils are Early Silurian cooksonioid sporophytes from the volcanic islands of the peri-Gondwanan palaeoregion (the Barrandian area, Prague Basin, Czech Republic). However, available palynological, phylogenetic and geological evidence indicates that the history of plant terrestrialization is much longer and it is recently accepted that land floras, producing different types of spores, already were established in the Ordovician Period. Here we attempt to correlate Silurian floral development with environmental dynamics based on our data from the Prague Basin, but also to compile known data on a global scale. Spore-assemblage analysis clearly indicates a significant and almost exponential expansion of trilete-spore producing plants starting during the Wenlock Epoch, while cryptospore-producers, which dominated until the Telychian Age, were evolutionarily stagnate. Interestingly cryptospore vs. trilete-spore producers seem to react differentially to Silurian glaciations-trilete-spore producing plants react more sensitively to glacial cooling, showing a reduction in species numbers. Both our own and compiled data indicate highly terrestrialized, advanced Silurian land-plant assemblage/flora types with obviously great ability to resist different dry-land stress conditions. As previously suggested some authors, they seem to evolve on different palaeo continents into quite disjunct specific plant assemblages, certainly reflecting the different geological, geographical and climatic conditions to which they were subject.

• Keywords
• Silurian, carbon cycle, early land plants, palaeoclimatic changes, plant assemblages, plant stress responses, polysporangiate plants,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

AIM: To assess the changes of mitral valve (MV) in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) using Mitral Valve Quantification (MVQ) program. METHODS: We examined 46 patients (18 women) with IMR aged 45-86 and a control group of 33 healthy individuals (14 women) aged 18-88. Following parameters were assessed: Area of minimal surface spanning annulus (A3), annulus height (h), tenting height (Th), exposed area of anterior (AL), posterior (PL) and both leaflets (BL), ejection fraction of the left ventricle (LV EF), regurgitation volume (RV) and BL/A3, AL/A3, PL/A3 ratios. The normal range of BL/A3 ratio was defined as the average ± 2SD of control group. The study group was separated into subgroup 1 with BL/A3 ratio within normal values and subgroup 2 with pathological BL/A3 ratio. Corresponding parameters of IMR group were compared to the controls and both subgroups were compared to each other using Student t-test. RESULTS: In IMR group, as compared to the controls, A3, AL, PL, BL as well as BL/A3, AL/A3, PL/A3 ratios and Th were significantly increased, conversely, h and LV EF was significantly decreased. In the subgroup 2 as compared to the subgroup 1 there was significant increase of Th, BL, AL and PL, while EF LV was significantly decreased. There was no significant difference between these subgroups in A3, h and RV. CONCLUSION: In ischemic MV remodeling two stages were identified without relation to the severity of IMR. The first stage was mainly influenced by the LV dilatation while LV remodeling was more important in the second stage.

• Keywords
• Ischemic mitral regurgitation, LV remodeling, Mitral Valve Quantification program, RT-3D echocardiography,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The "Different Hearing" program (DHP) is an educational activity aimed at stimulating musical creativity of children and adults by group composing in the classroom, alternative to the mainstream model of music education in Czechia. Composing in the classroom in the DHP context does not use traditional musical instruments or notation, instead, the participants use their bodies, sounds originating from common objects as well as environmental sounds as the "elements" for music composition by the participants' team, with the teacher initiating and then participating and coordinating the creative process, which ends with writing down a graphical score and then performing the composition in front of an audience. The DHP methodology works with a wide definition of musical composition. We hypothesized that the DHP short-term (2 days) intense workshop would induce changes in subjective appreciation of different classes of music and sound (including typical samples of music composed in the DHP course), as well as plastic changes of the brain systems engaged in creative thinking and music perception, in their response to diverse auditory stimuli. In our study, 22 healthy university students participated in the workshop over 2 days and underwent fMRI examinations before and after the workshop, meanwhile 24 students were also scanned twice as a control group. During fMRI, each subject was listening to musical and non-musical sound samples, indicating their esthetic impression with a button press after each sample. As a result, participants' favorable feelings toward non-musical sound samples were significantly increased only in the active group. fMRI data analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc ROI analysis showed significant group-by-time interaction (opposing trends in the two groups) in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, which are functional hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and in parts of the executive, motor, and auditory networks. The findings suggest that DHP training modified the behavioral and brain response to diverse sound samples, differentially changing the engagement of functional networks known to be related to creative thinking, namely, increasing DMN activation and decreasing activation of the executive network.

• Keywords
• auditory perception, brain plasticity, creativity, music composition, music education, music training, task-related fMRI,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The ability to handle stress situations is essential to subjective well-being. The program "Life with diabetes" extends traditional educational approaches by a psycho-social level with emphasis on coping with the disease. It draws on the transtheoretical model of behavior change and Person-Centered Approach (PCA). Results confirm the effectiveness of group work. Values of the activation block have increased (subscales PE and A). An increase of values of positive psychological state was observed, along with a simultaneous decrease in nervousness, anxiety, depressive tendencies, and better compensation of diabetes. Monitoring of saluto-protective factors of diabetic patients' lifestyle creates space for targeted psychosocial intervention, which is valid also for other chronic diseases.

• Keywords
• Diabetes mellitus, education of diabetic patients, incongruence, perception, salutogenesis,
• MeSH
• Adaptation, Psychological * MeSH
• Behavior Therapy MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Patients psychology   MeSH
• Self Care psychology   MeSH
• Stress, Psychological * MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible predictors of post-cessation weight gain in smoking abstainers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 607 successful abstainers seen at the Centre for Tobacco-Dependent in Prague, Czech Republic, between 2005 and 2010, was included in this analysis. This sample was followed up for 1year and included 47.9% women (N=291) with the mean age of 48years (18-85). FINDINGS: Post-cessation weight gain occurred in 88.6% of the 607 abstainers. The mean weight gain after one year post-quit was 5.1kg (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5kg). Baseline characteristics associated with increased weight gain included a higher baseline smoking rate (p<0.001), more severe cigarette dependence (p=0.003), less physical activity (p=0.008), and a report of increased appetite on the baseline assessment of withdrawal symptoms (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smokers who are more dependent and have minimal physical activity are at increased risk for post-cessation weight gain. For these smokers, incorporating interventions targeting the weight issue into tobacco dependence treatment is recommended. Further research should be done to identify reasons for this important quitting complication.

• Keywords
• CO, FTCD, Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence, MNWS, Minnesota Withdrawal Scale, NRT, Post-cessation, Smoking, Weight gain, carbon monoxide, nicotine replacement therapy,
• MeSH
• Appetite * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Weight Gain * MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Smoking therapy   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Smoking Cessation methods   MeSH
• Motor Activity MeSH
• Tobacco Use Disorder therapy   MeSH
• Tobacco Use Cessation Devices MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Sedentary Behavior * MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH