BACKGROUND: The two most common forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibit different sex ratios: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurs more frequently in men and follicular lymphoma (FL) more frequently in women. Looking among women alone, this pooled analysis explores the relationship between reproductive histories and these cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-reported reproductive histories from 4263 women with NHL and 5971 women without NHL were pooled across 18 case-control studies (1983-2005) from North America, Europe and Japan. Study-specific odd ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Associations with reproductive factors were found for FL rather than NHL overall and DLBCL. In particular, the risk of FL decreased with increasing number of pregnancies (pooled OR(trend) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.96). FL was associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.63), and risks were increased when use started after the age of 21, was used for <5 years or stopped for >20 years before diagnosis. DLBCL, on the other hand, was not associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal contraception is associated with an increased risk of FL but not of DLBCL or NHL overall.

• MeSH
• inhibice ovulace * MeSH
• kontraceptiva orální hormonální aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• nehodgkinský lymfom etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• reprodukční anamnéza * MeSH
• reprodukční systém - fyziologické jevy MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontraceptiva orální hormonální MeSH

BACKGROUND: While commercial poultry and captive birds are exposed to antimicrobials through direct medication, environmental pollution may result in contamination of wild birds. Fluoroquinolones are commonly used medications to treat severe avian bacterial infections; however, their adverse effects on birds remain understudied. Here, we examine toxicity of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin during the egg incubation period using the chicken (Gallus Gallus domesticus) as a model avian species. Laboratory tests were based on eggs injected with 1, 10 and 100 μg of fluoroquinolones per 1 g of egg weight prior to the start of incubation and monitoring of chick blood biochemistry, reproductive parameters and heart rate during incubation. RESULTS: Eggs treated with fluoroquinolones displayed reduced hatchability due to embryonic mortality, particularly on day 13 of incubation. Total hatching success showed a similar pattern, with a significantly reduced hatchability in low and high exposure groups treated with both enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin. From 15 to 67% of chicks hatching in these groups exhibited joint deformities. Hatching one-day pre-term occurred with a prevalence of 31 to 70% in all groups treated with fluoroquinolones. Embryonic heart rate, measured on days 13 and 19 of incubation, increased in all enrofloxacin-treated groups and medium and high dose groups of marbofloxacin-treated eggs. Blood biochemistry of chicks sampled at hatch from medium dose groups showed hypoproteinaemia, decreased uric acid and increased triglycerides. Chicks from the enrofloxacin-treated group displayed mild hyperglycaemia and a two-fold rise in the blood urea nitrogen to uric acid ratio. Principal components analysis based on blood biochemistry clearly separated the control bird cluster from both enrofloxacin- and marbofloxacin-treated birds. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoroquinolones induce complex adverse effects on avian embryonic development, considerably reducing the performance of incubated eggs and hatching chicks. Cardiotoxicity, which quickens embryonic heart rate, meant that the total number of heart beats required for embryogenesis was achieved earlier than in the standard incubation period, resulting in pre-term hatching. Our data suggest that enrofloxacin has a higher potential for adverse effects than marbofloxacin. To conclude, care should be taken to prevent exposure of reproducing birds and their eggs to fluoroquinolones.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotics, Avian embryonic heart rate, Enrofloxacin, Hatchability, Marbofloxacin, Pre-term hatching, Reproduction,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky toxicita   MeSH
• enrofloxacin toxicita   MeSH
• fluorochinolony toxicita   MeSH
• hypoproteinemie chemicky indukované   veterinární   MeSH
• kur domácí * krev   MeSH
• kuřecí embryo účinky léků   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže chemicky indukované   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kuřecí embryo účinky léků   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• enrofloxacin MeSH
• fluorochinolony MeSH
• marbofloxacin MeSH Prohlížeč

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is an extensively studied phenomenon in animals, including reptiles, but the proximate mechanism of its development is poorly understood. The most pervasive candidates are: (1) androgen-mediated control of growth, i.e. a positive effect of gonadal androgens (testosterone) on male growth in male-larger species, and a negative effect in female-larger species; and (2) sex-specific differences in energy allocation to growth, e.g. sex with larger reproductive costs should result in smaller body size. We tested these hypotheses in adults of the male-larger lizard Paroedura picta by conducting castrations with and without testosterone implants in males and manipulating reproductive status in females. Castration or testosterone replacement had no significant effect on final body length in males. High investment to reproduction had no significant effect on final body length in intact females. Interestingly, ovariectomized females and females with testosterone implants grew to larger body size than intact females. We did not find support for either of the above hypotheses and suggest that previously reported effects of gonadal androgens on growth in male lizards could be a consequence of altered behaviour or social status in manipulated individuals. Exogenous testosterone in females led to decreased size of ovaries; its effect on body size may be caused by interference with normal ovarian function. We suggest that ovarian factors, perhaps estrogens, not reproductive costs, can modify growth in female lizards and may thus contribute to the development of SSD. This hypothesis is largely supported by published results on the effect of testosterone treatment or ovariectomy on body size in female squamates.

• Klíčová slova
• gecko, growth, life history, phenotypic plasticity, reproductive investment, trade-off,
• MeSH
• androgeny farmakologie   MeSH
• gonády účinky léků   metabolismus   chirurgie   MeSH
• ještěři krev   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• kastrace MeSH
• ovarektomie MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   fyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• testosteron krev   farmakologie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost těla účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgeny MeSH
• testosteron MeSH

The development of new types of environmentally safe insecticides has been advantageous to replace toxic and persistent insecticides, which have adverse effects on animals and humans. Our effort in this field was aimed at the synthesis of insect juvenile hormone analogues, juvenoids, nontoxic for warm-blooded animals and fish, which can become advanced compounds in regulating many aspects in insect physiology. Structure modification of juvenoids via juvenogen derivatives (hormonogenic substances) plays an important role in controlling the juvenoid liberation rate in the insect digestive system and can also play an important role in the mode of action toward different arthropod groups, with focus on insect pest species. For that reason, juvenoids were esterified with hexadecanoic, butanoic, and 3-methylbut-2-enoic acids. A total of 12 new compounds with potential insecticidal activity were synthesized and characterized, and the results of biological screening tests on blowflies Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) bullata were presented. Results of the inhibitory activity of the tested compounds on the reproduction of the blowflies were also presented.

• MeSH
• Diptera * fyziologie   MeSH
• esterifikace MeSH
• insekticidy chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• juvenilní hormony chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• insekticidy MeSH
• juvenilní hormony MeSH

STUDY QUESTION: Which chemotherapeutic agents and body site-specific radiation fields are dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of fertility impairment in long-term female childhood, adolescent and young adulthood (CAYA) cancer survivors? SUMMARY ANSWER: Busulfan, lower abdominal radiotherapy (RT) and total body irradiation (TBI) seem to be associated with fertility impairment at any dose, whereas gonadotoxicity of melphalan and procarbazine is suggested at medium/high (>140 mg/m2) or high dose (>5600 mg/m2) therapy, respectively. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Several treatment-related fertility deficits, as assessed by both self-reported outcomes and hormonal markers are known to occur following treatment of CAYA cancer. However, knowledge regarding precise dose-related estimates of these treatment-related risks are scarce. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The current case-control study was nested within the PanCareLIFE cohort study. In total, 1332 CAYA survivors from 8 countries, 9 institutions and 11 cohorts, participated in and contributed data to the study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: All participants were female 5-year CAYA cancer survivors. In total, 450 cases (fertility impaired survivors) and 882 matched controls (not fertility impaired survivors) were included. Fertility impairment was defined using both questionnaire data (primary or secondary amenorrhea; use of artificial reproductive techniques; unfulfilled wish to conceive) and hormonal data (FSH and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the effect of (i) alkylating agent exposure, and (ii) dose categories for individual chemotherapeutic agents and for RT-exposed body sites. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: A positive dose-effect relationship between cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) score and fertility impairment was found, with survivors with a CED score > 7121 mg/m2 being at a significantly increased risk of fertility impairment (odds ratio (95% CI) = 2.6 (1.9-3.6) P < 0.001). Moreover, cumulative dose variables of the following treatments were significantly associated with fertility impairment: busulfan, carmustine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, procarbazine, lower abdominal RT and TBI. Busulfan, lower abdominal RT and TBI seem to be associated with fertility impairment at any dose, whereas gonadotoxicity of melphalan and procarbazine is suggested at medium/high (>140 mg/m2) or high dose (>5600 mg/m2) therapy, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Our study may have been subject to selection bias since data from about half of the original base cohorts were available for the current study. This could impact the generalizability of our study results. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: We identified survivors at high risk for fertility impairment and, consequently, for a reduced or even absent reproductive life span. Both girls and young women who are about to start anti-cancer treatment, as well as adult female survivors, should be counselled about future parenthood and referred to a reproductive specialist for fertility preservation, if desired. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 602030. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: n/a.

• Klíčová slova
• adolescent and young adulthood cancer, case-control study, chemotherapeutic agents, female fertility, radiotherapy, survivors of childhood,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fertilita MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zachování plodnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Squamate reptiles are a highly diversified vertebrate group with extensive variability in social behavior and sexual dimorphism. However, hormonal control of these traits has not previously been investigated in sufficient depth in many squamate lineages. Here, we studied the hormonal control of male sexual behavior, aggressiveness, copulatory organ (hemipenis) size and sex recognition in the gecko Paroedura picta, comparing ovariectomized females, ovariectomized females treated with exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT), ovariectomized females treated with exogenous testosterone (T), control females and males. The administration of both T and DHT led to the expression of male-typical sexual behavior in females. However, in contrast to T, increased circulating levels of DHT alone were not enough to initiate the full expression of male-typical offensive aggressive behavior and development of hemipenes in females. Ovariectomized females were as sexually attractive as control females, which does not support the need for the demasculinization of the cues used for sex recognition by ovarian hormones as suggested in other sauropsids. On the other hand, our results point to the masculinization of the sex recognition cues by male gonadal androgens. Previously, we also demonstrated that sexually dimorphic growth is controlled by ovarian hormones in P. picta. Overall, it appears that individual behavioral and morphological sexually-dimorphic traits are controlled by multiple endogenous pathways in this species. Variability in the endogenous control of particular traits could have permitted their disentangling during evolution and the occurrence of (semi)independent changes across squamate phylogeny.

• Klíčová slova
• Aggressive behavior, Androgens, Dihydrotestosterone, Lizard, Sex recognition, Sexual behavior, Sexual dimorphism, Testosterone,
• MeSH
• agrese účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• androgeny farmakologie   MeSH
• dihydrotestosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• ještěři metabolismus   MeSH
• ovarektomie MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• sexuální chování zvířat účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• testosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgeny MeSH
• dihydrotestosteron MeSH
• testosteron MeSH

Eyespot, caused by the related fungal pathogens Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae, is an important cereal stem-base disease in temperate parts of the world. Both species are dispersed mainly by splash-dispersed conidia but are also known to undergo sexual reproduction, yielding apothecia containing ascospores. Field diagnosis of eyespot can be challenging, with other pathogens causing similar symptoms, which complicates eyespot management strategies. Differences between O. acuformis and O. yallundae (e.g., host pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity) require that both be targeted for effective disease management. Here, we develop and apply two molecular methods for species-specific and mating-type (MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) discrimination of O. acuformis and O. yallundae isolates. First, a multiplex PCR-based diagnostic assay targeting the MAT idiomorph region was developed, allowing simultaneous determination of both species and mating type. This multiplex PCR assay was successfully applied to type a global collection of isolates. Second, the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting β-tubulin sequences, which allow fast (<9 min) species-specific discrimination of global O. acuformis and O. yallundae isolates, is described. The LAMP assay can detect very small amounts of target DNA (1 pg) and was successfully applied in planta. In addition, mating-type-specific LAMP assays were also developed for rapid (<12 min) genotyping of O. acuformis and O. yallundae isolates. Finally, the multiplex PCR-based diagnostic was applied, in conjunction with spore trapping in field experiments, to provide evidence of the wind dispersal of ascospores from a diseased crop. The results indicate an important role of the sexual cycle in the dispersal of eyespot.

• Klíčová slova
• disease control and pest management, mycology, population biology, techniques,
• MeSH
• Ascomycota MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
• jedlá semena * MeSH
• nemoci rostlin * MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• spory hub MeSH
• techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Vinclozolin (VZ) is a pesticide that acts as an anti-androgen to impair reproduction in mammals. However, VZ-induced disruption of reproduction is largely unknown in fish. In the present study, we have established a combination exposure in which adult goldfish were exposed to VZ (30 and 100 μg/L), anti-androgen flutamide (Flu, 300 μg/L), and androgen testosterone (T, 1 μg/L) to better understand effects of VZ on reproductive endocrine system. mRNA levels of kisspeptin (kiss-1 and kiss-2) and its receptor (gpr54), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh3) and androgen receptor (ar) in the mid-brain, and luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) in the testis were analyzed and compared with those of control following 10 days of exposure. kiss-1 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ and to Flu, while kiss-2 mRNA level was increased following exposure to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. gpr54 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu and 100 µg/L VZ with T. gnrh3 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ, to Flu, and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. The mid-brain ar mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. Testicular lhr mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu. These results suggest that VZ and Flu are capable of interfering with kisspeptin and GnRH systems to alter pituitary and testicular horonal functions in adult goldfish and the brain ar mediates VZ-induced disruption of androgen production.

• Klíčová slova
• Androgen receptor, Flutamide, Kisspeptin, Luteinizing hormone receptor, Salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Testosterone,
• MeSH
• androgenní receptory genetika   MeSH
• androgeny farmakologie   MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů farmakologie   MeSH
• flutamid farmakologie   MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny genetika   MeSH
• karas zlatý genetika   MeSH
• kisspeptiny genetika   MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory LH genetika   MeSH
• receptory spřažené s G-proteiny genetika   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• rybí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• testis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• testosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgenní receptory MeSH
• androgeny MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů MeSH
• flutamid MeSH
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III MeSH Prohlížeč
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny MeSH
• kisspeptiny MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• oxazoly MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH
• receptory spřažené s G-proteiny MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH
• testosteron MeSH
• vinclozolin MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVE: To prepare a prognosis of development of contraception, artificial termination of pregnancy and asisted reproductive technologies until 2010, based on the trend in their indicators in the previous years. DESIGN: A retrospective epidemiological study to be used as a basis for the prognosis SETTING: Mother and Child Care Institute, Prague - Podolí METHODS: For outlining the probable trend in the use of various types of contraceptives (IUD) as well as for artificial termination of pregnancy, evaluated according to their internationally recognised indicators, the extrapolation of the trends in these criteria prevalent in the period 1995-2002 was used. RESULTS: The prognosis of increase in the number of female users of hormonal contraception at the expense of IUD as well as the decrease in the number of women solving their problem with unwanted pregnancy by artificial termination of pregnancy (ATP), based on the said extrapolation of their indicators with a prospect until 2010, is probably overly optimistic. Due to probable changes in the political, social and economic circumstances as well as in the women's attitudes, it is expected that this trend will slow down. This is why it is expected that the number of female users of hormonal contraception will increase merely to 500 and that the women using IUD will decrease to 50 per 1,000 fertile women. Also, as concerns the number of ATPs, it is expected that it will decrease merely just below 10 for every 1,000 fertile women and to 20 for every 100 births. Even if the trends of all these indicators slow down, it can be expected that they will reach the average levels reported in the countries of Western Europe. As for the trend in asisted reproductive technologies (ART), whose share in the total number of births will rise, the main emphasis will be put on consistent nationwide registration, amendments to legislation and research mainly in the area of psycho-neurological development of these children, as recommended by the WHO. CONCLUSION: The expected rate of growth of the number of female users of effective contraception and the expected rate of decline of the number of ATPs, corresponding to the trend of the recent years, will probably decrease by 2010 but the average levels reported by the countries of Western Europe will still be reached. According to the recommendation of the WHO, the trend in some forms of ART will require research in the field of psycho-neurological development of the children from these pregnancies until they reach adulthood as well as some amendments to legislation.

• MeSH
• indukovaný potrat statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• kontraceptiva ženská aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitroděložní antikoncepční prostředky statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• reprodukční techniky statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   MeSH
• služby plánování rodičovství * MeSH
• spotřeba léčiv trendy   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontraceptiva ženská MeSH

The effect of four avermectins on the population growth of pest mite Lepidoglyphus destructor was tested in laboratory experiments. The avermectins (abamectin, doramectin, emamectin-benzoate and ivermectin) of analytical purity were incorporated into an experimental diet at the same molar concentrations, ranging from 0.16 to 8 nmol/3 g of diet. Using an initial population of 50 mites, the population growth was recorded after 21 days at 85 % relative humidity and 25 °C; 12 repeats were performed per avermectin concentration and control. The diets containing the avermectins successfully suppressed the population growth of L. destructor. The EC(50) recalculated to ng of substance per g of diet showed different suppressive effects of the avermectins: doramectin (181 ng/g diet), abamectin (299 ng/g diet), emamectin-benzoate (812 ng/g diet) and ivermectin (992 ng/g diet). Of the tested avermectins, abamectin is registered for the control of phytophagous mites and ivermectin against parasitic mites, i.e., Psoroptes ovis. Although emamectin-benzoate and ivermectin were less effective on L. destructor, all of the tested avermectins are highly suitable compounds for the control of synanthropic mites.

• MeSH
• akaricidy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• ivermektin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• roztoči účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• akaricidy MeSH
• avermectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• ivermektin MeSH