Overcoming host defensive traits is a prerequisite to establish compatible plant-parasite interactions. Following parasite perception, jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathways mediate biotic stress signals resulting in the activation of host defence responses. Piercing-sucking grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) infests Vitis spp. by the formation of organoid root galls. This study aims to investigate whether host defensive SA/JA signalling pathways are affected during D. vitifoliae infestation. We hypothesize that the JA signalling pathway is induced during larval probing (14 hai). Compatible root gall formation (24 hai - 14 dai) involves the reduction of the JA, but the induction of the SA signaling pathway. T5C (V.berlandieri x V.riparia) cuttings are infested with a D. vitifoliae single founder lineage (biotype C). Phytohormone quantification (HPLC-MS) and transcriptional alterations of JA/SA marker genes (qRT-PCR) are determined in root tissues from larval probing (14 hai) until gall formation (>14 dai). Non-infested root tips are considered controls. Our results show a significant induction of all analysed JA marker genes during insect probing (14 hai), but their significant reduction during early gall formation (24 hai). Following gall formation (5-14 dai) SA and JA-Ile increase. However, only the analysed SA marker genes are induced, whereas JA marker gene expression levels are significantly reduced. Based on this data we conclude that the observed suppression of the JA signalling pathway might represent an important step for the compatible D. vitifoliae - Vitis spp. root interaction. We discuss whether the induced SA defences protect nutritive root galls against soil microbes.
- Klíčová slova
- Grape phylloxera, Insect probing, Plant defence, Root gall formation, SA/JA signalling, Vitis spp,
- MeSH
- cyklopentany metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina salicylová metabolismus MeSH
- nádory rostlin parazitologie MeSH
- oxylipiny metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- Vitis metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cyklopentany MeSH
- jasmonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyselina salicylová MeSH
- oxylipiny MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CZECHOSLOVAKIA *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, TREMATODA *,
- MeSH
- Trematoda * MeSH
- výzkum * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The study describes a method of quantitatively examining vascular catheters with the aid of hemocultural devices BacT/Alert. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The amount of bacteria present on the surface of the vascular catheters was determined based on the time to detection (TTD) in hemocultural vials inoculated with bacterial suspension stirred off the catheter surface. RESULTS: A total number of 348 vascular catheters was examined with this new method. Positive cultures were detected in 26 (7.5 %) catheters. Accordance to the results of microbiological catheter examination with clinical condition of the patient was found in 93.1 %. False positivity occurred in 1.1 % (4) and false negativity in 5.7 % (20) of cases. On the basis of clinical symptoms 42 cases of catheter sepsis were diagnosed out of which 22 (52.4 %) positive microbiological quantitative examinations of vascular catheters were established. The most frequent pathogen was coagulase negative staphylococci. CONCLUSIONS: The new method, when compared with present methods, is simpler, faster and able to detect the most frequent agent of catheter infection.
- MeSH
- Bacteria izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bakteriální infekce diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- Candida izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kandidóza diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- katetrizace centrálních vén škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- periferní katetrizace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The article compares the ability of detection and detection times (TTD) of aerobic bacteria in the BacT/Alert FA, BacT/Alert SA, Bactec Plus Aerobic/F and Bactec Standard Aerobic/F bottles. Compared bottles were inoculated at the same time with the identical suspension of bacterial strain. All bottles detected bacterial pathogens even in the case of very low number of inoculated bacteria. The differences of TTD were detected between the bottles of compared hemocultivation systems. Bactec Plus Aerobic/F system is faster in the detection of the members of family Enterobacteriaceae at 1-3 hours, BacT/Aert FA system is faster in the detection of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Most difference was detected at Pseudomanas stutzeri, where the detection in BacT/Alert FA bottles was at 15 hours faster in opposite of Bactec Plus Aerobic/F bottles. In the bottles without sorbent Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanqui were detected faster in the system Bactec Standard Aerobic/F. The bottles BacT/Alert SA detected faster skin corynebacteria. Detected differences have not a practical importance for the blood stream infection diagnostics.
The autosomal recessive mutation short antennae (sa) causes considerable shortening of antennae in male and female Mediterranean flour moths (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller). However, the sa phenotype can be suppressed by several physical factors, making sa moths indistinguishable from wild-type moths (sa(WT)). This can be done by subjecting larva and pupa to a higher temperature (25 degrees C), to lithium ions, or to an alternate electric field. The first half of pupal development was found to be the sensitive period for the sa(WT) phenotype. The sa(WT) phenotype is stable and cannot be reverted to the original sa type by physical or chemical factors. The sa(WT) phenotype is transmitted to future generations. When crossed with typical sa moths, the sa(WT) phenotype is inherited either as a dominant character if carried by males or a semidominant character if carried by females. We compared proteins of the ejaculate, accessory gland secretions, and spermatophore in sa, sa(WT), and wild-type males and found considerable differences between sperm proteins of sa(WT), sa, and wild-type males. The sa(WT) phenotype influences the mating success of males: sa(WT) males mated successfully with any females, whereas typical sa males were less successful in mating and then mainly with females of the same phenotype.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- elektromagnetická pole MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny analýza MeSH
- lithium farmakologie MeSH
- můry chemie genetika MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat MeSH
- spermatogeneze MeSH
- vysoká teplota * MeSH
- zrání spermie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hmyzí proteiny MeSH
- lithium MeSH
Thermomonospora sp. T-SA-125 is a true thermophilic actinomycete isolated from a soil sample collected from the Saudi Arabian desert. It is characterized by the formation of single spores at the tips of dichotomously branched aerial mycelium and differs from Thermomonospora curvata and T. viridis in certain aspects. It produces a basic water-soluble antibiotic which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, moderately active against Gram-negative bacteria and inactive against fungi. At high concentrations, this antibiotic, stimulated the growth of both Hordeum coleoptile and lettuce hypocotyl.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky biosyntéza farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- Micromonosporaceae klasifikace metabolismus MeSH
- pouštní klima MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- rostliny účinky léků MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Saudská Arábie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství * MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
According to data in the literature complications develop in association with colostomy in 20-66% of patients, occlusion of the colostomy occurs in 10-17%. The authors analyze their own group of 122 patients where in 1994-1998 a colostomy was made. Sixty-two patients were operated with developed ileus, 19 colostomies were later abolished and the passage per vias naturales was reconstructed. The authors recorded 38.5% complications, they were most frequent in axial transversostomies and sigmostomies, wound infections were most frequent. For prevention of complications the authors emphasize that stricter indications for colostomy should be used. The same applies to the selection of the type and site of colostomy and exact surgical technique, ATB prophylaxis and lavage, use of modern stomic appliances, perspectives of using the laparoscopic technique.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kolostomie škodlivé účinky metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Autoinflammatory diseases represent a group of disorders that are distinct from autoimmune diseases, infections and malignancies. They are characterised by attacks of unprovoked noninfectious inflammation. A key feature of autoinflammatory diseases is dysregulation of innate immune system and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The best-characterized group of autoinflammatory diseases arises from mutations in single genes. They are typically manifested by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis as well as arthralgia, myalgia and skin exanthema.
- Klíčová slova
- autoinflammatory disease, inflammasome, innate immunity, periodic fever,
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci * genetika MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- dědičné zánětlivé autoimunitní nemoci * genetika MeSH
- horečka MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cytokiny MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vnitřní lékařství trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
