From the recent literature data it may be concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity development and thus should be considered as an additional important risk factor for both chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (postpartum thyroiditis including) and Graves´ disease. A higher risk of Graves´ disease development is also associated with several polymorphisms in the gene encoding for vitamin D binding protein and for the specific receptor of active form of vitamin D - 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the respective target cells. Whether careful supplementation with vitamin D aimed to normalize low 25(OH)D levels brings preventive or therapeutic effect is subject to further research.Key words: autoimmune thyroiditis - D vitamin deficiency - D vitamin supplementation - Graves´disease.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Gravesova nemoc epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D epidemiologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• protein vázající vitamin D genetika   MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu genetika   MeSH
• vitamin D analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitaminy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D MeSH Prohlížeč
• protein vázající vitamin D MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is without any doubt multifactorial, and it is generally accepted, that conventional risk factors determined only about 80% of cardiovascular risk. There is accumulating evidence that vitamin D exerts important pathophysiological effects on cardiovascular system. Low vitamin D was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in several reports. This review summarizes recent epidemiological evidence and possible pathophysiological mechanism for a role of low vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, available data concerning vitamin D supplementation are depicted.

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D komplikace   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vitamin D fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vitamin D MeSH

Recent knowledge on vitamin D has shown that its active form not only regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism but also has significant antimitotic and cell differentiation effects. It can inhibit proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic potential in cancer tissue. Insufficient vitamin D plasma levels are found in 20- 60% of cancer patients at dia-gnosis. By many authors, vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher aggressivity of tumor and shorter survival of patients. Even in the absence of clinical studies showing benefit of supplementation on outcome, clear recommendations are currently available for treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Owing to the high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in cancer patients and significant risks of its further decrease after antitumor therapy, it should become standard of care to examine 25- hydroxyvitamin D serum levels and correct vitamin D insufficiency in cancer patients.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory krev   komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• vitamin D analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D MeSH Prohlížeč
• vitamin D MeSH

We provide an overview of the association between vitamin D and some neurological diseases where the correlation has repeatedly been described. The majority of literature refers to cerebrovascular diseases, followed by multiple sclerosis and cognitive disorders. Vitamin D hypovitaminosis might be associated with the diseases directly or it might contribute to the disease risk factors (typically in cerebrovascular events). Vitamin D hypovitaminosis may also play a role in patients with residual functional involvement due to a neurological disorder (movement disorders, lack of self-sufficiency) and worsen functional status owing to muscle weakness, instability and falls.

• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D komplikace   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vitamin D fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vitamin D MeSH

Vitamin D is a lipophilic vitamin possessing a myriad of physiologic functions, including hormonal, in human body. It participates in calcium homeostasis and influences cells differentiation via genome. In the context of the broad research aimed at mapping its physiological effects in the human body it is obvious that it significantly interferes with the whole range of physiological and pathological conditions. This text briefly discusses its contribution to gynecology.

• Klíčová slova
• cholecalciferol, gynaecology, vitamin D,
• MeSH
• cholekalciferol MeSH
• gynekologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• vitamin D * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitaminy * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholekalciferol MeSH
• vitamin D * MeSH
• vitaminy * MeSH

Receptors for vitamin D are present almost in all body tissues. Vitamin D does not only act as a regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also a substance which modulates the immunity system function, regulates cell proliferation. Genetic, epidemiological and experimental data indicate a possible role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of some diseases, mainly of autoimmune diseases and tumours. The benefit of curative intake of vitamin D has so far not been proven. There is no reason why the deficiency of vitamin D should not be covered. The substitution should start with the replenishment of the lacking amount of vitamin D (which may even be several hundred thousand units) and involve ongoing intake of the recommended substitution dose of 800-1000 vitamin D units per day.

• MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory epidemiologie   MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vitamin D aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   MeSH
• vitaminy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• vitamin D MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

Vitamin D is the third steroid hormone playing important bio-logical roles in the development of breast cancer. Decreased plasma levels of its 25- hydroxyderivative, 25OHD, display robust associations with higher incidence of breast cancer and shorter overall survival. Although no consensus exists, most authors agree that optimal plasma levels shall be within 75- 150 nmol/ l whereas levels higher than 375 nmol/ l can be potentially toxic with higher risk of hypercalcemia. To date, no data are available on the optimal levels of vitamin D related to the risk of breast cancer development, its phenotype features and the course of the disease. Published studies mostly describe associations among higher levels of 25OHD and lower bio-logically aggressiveness of the tumor. The polymorphism of VDR gene coding for the steroid receptor for vitamin Dmay be associated with higher disease incidence and also be of negative prognostic significance in breast cancer. This review presents an overall summary of the current knowledge and publications on vitamin D and breast cancer.

• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu krev   epidemiologie   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu genetika   MeSH
• vitamin D krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• receptory kalcitriolu MeSH
• VDR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• vitamin D MeSH

Vitamin D, either in its D2 or D3 form, is essential for normal human development during intrauterine life, kidney function and bone health. Vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to cancer development and some autoimmune diseases. Given this huge impact of vitamin D on human health, it is important for daily clinical practice and clinical research to have reliable tools to judge on the vitamin D status. The major circulating form of vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), although it is not the most active metabolite, the concentrations of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the serum are currently routinely used in clinical practice to assess vitamin D status. In the circulation, vitamin D - like other steroid hormones - is bound tightly to a special carrier - vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Smaller amounts are bound to blood proteins - albumin and lipoproteins. Only very tiny amounts of the total vitamin D are free and potentially biologically active. Currently used vitamin D assays do not distinguish between the three forms of vitamin D - DBP-bound vitamin D, albumin-bound vitamin D and free, biologically active vitamin D. Diseases or conditions that affect the synthesis of DBP or albumin thus have a huge impact on the amount of circulating total vitamin D. DBP and albumin are synthesized in the liver, hence all patients with an impairment of liver function have alterations in their total vitamin D blood concentrations, while free vitamin D levels remain mostly constant. Sex steroids, in particular estrogens, stimulate the synthesis of DBP. This explains why total vitamin D concentrations are higher during pregnancy as compared to non-pregnant women, while the concentrations of free vitamin D remain similar in both groups of women. The vitamin D-DBP as well as vitamin D-albumin complexes are filtered through the glomeruli and re-uptaken by megalin in the proximal tubule. Therefore, all acute and chronic kidney diseases that are characterized by a tubular damage, are associated with a loss of vitamin D-DBP complexes in the urine. Finally, the gene encoding DBP protein is highly polymorphic in different human racial groups. In the current review, we will discuss how liver function, estrogens, kidney function and the genetic background might influence total circulating vitamin D levels and will discuss what vitamin D metabolite is more appropriate to measure under these conditions: free vitamin D or total vitamin D.

• Klíčová slova
• 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D, Bioavailable vitamin D, Calculated free 25(OH) vitamin D, Directly measured free vitamin D, Free 25(OH) vitamin D, Free vitamin D, Genetic polymorphism, Total 25(OH) vitamin D, Vitamin D-binding protein,
• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D krev   diagnóza   MeSH
• protein vázající vitamin D metabolismus   MeSH
• vitamin D analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• vitaminy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 25-hydroxyvitamin D MeSH Prohlížeč
• biologické markery MeSH
• protein vázající vitamin D MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

The importance of vitamin D3 (hydroxycholecalciferol) as one of the liposoluble vitamins is known in the prevention and treatment of metabolic bone diseases (rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis). In recent years, however, information has increased on the importance of vitamin D3 in numerous organ systems and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, e. g. ophthalmopathies. The immunological functions of vitamin D3 are the subject of studies dealing with autoimmune optic nerve disorders and their results appear to have a positive effect on demyelinating diseases. It also plays an important role in maintaining the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, but its additional administration has not been successful. Optical neuritis may be the first sign of multiple sclerosis. It appears that sufficient serum vitamin D3 levels may protect patients from deterioration in the form of a further attack of demyelination. The course of diabetic retinopathy is probably also influenced by vitamin D3, inter alia, by correlating the fact that its receptor and the enzymes of its metabolism are expressed on the retina. Low serum levels of vitamin D3 may even trigger age-related macular degeneration. Conversely, higher dietary intake of vitamin D3 may positively affect neovascularization. The optimal level of hydroxycholecalciferol is between 60 and 200 nmol /l, the severe deficit represents a decrease below 25 nmol/l. The body can normally produce up to 10,000 IU of this vitamin after exposure to sunlight. However, the demonstration of its protective character in connection with the mentioned diseases of the retina and optic nerve will require a sufficient number of studies to confirm the facts found so far about this rediscovered vitamin.

• Klíčová slova
• ophtalmopathias, vitamin, vitamin D,
• MeSH
• cholekalciferol metabolismus   MeSH
• hydroxycholekalciferoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• vitamin D * metabolismus   MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholekalciferol MeSH
• hydroxycholekalciferoly MeSH
• vitamin D * MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

Currently there is growing evidence on possible influence of vitamin D (VD) on reproductive function in both females and males. The relationship between VD and clinical or laboratory manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seems to be mostly evaluated. Patients with PCOS have been demonstrated to have significantly lower levels of serum VD and they also have the higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as compared to controls. Some studies documented the relation of VD to serum androgen levels, other found that VD correlated with metabolic parameters (body weight, insulin resistance and lipid profile) only. Several interventional studies demonstrated that VD replacement improved these metabolic parameters in PCOS women with VD deficiency. On the other hand some studies also documented improvement of ovarian function and androgen levels. Also vitamin D replacement may represent an additional treatment in VD deficient PCOS women with the aim to improve phenotypic manifestations. It requires further randomized interventional studies on larger groups of patients.Key words: metabolic syndrome - polycystic ovary syndrome - vitamin D.

• MeSH
• androgeny metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• syndrom polycystických ovarií epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vitamin D metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitaminy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgeny MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH