Industrial process tomography offers two key advantages over conventional sensing systems. Firstly, process tomography systems provide information about 2D or 3D distributions of the variables of interest. Secondly, tomography looks inside the processes without penetrating them physically, i.e., sensing is possible despite harsh process conditions, and the operation of the process is not disturbed by intrusive sensors. These advantages open new perspectives for the field of process control, and the potential of closed-loop control applications is one of the main driving forces behind the development of industrial tomography. Despite these advantages and decades of development, closed-loop control applications of tomography are still not really common. This article provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of control systems with tomographic sensors. An attempt is made to classify the different control approaches, critically assess their strengths and weak points, and outline which directions may lead to increased future utilization of industrial tomography in the closed-loop feedback control.
Viable microbial cells are important biocatalysts in the production of fine chemicals and biofuels, in environmental applications and also in emerging applications such as biosensors or medicine. Their increasing significance is driven mainly by the intensive development of high performance recombinant strains supplying multienzyme cascade reaction pathways, and by advances in preservation of the native state and stability of whole-cell biocatalysts throughout their application. In many cases, the stability and performance of whole-cell biocatalysts can be highly improved by controlled immobilization techniques. This review summarizes the current progress in the development of immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts, the immobilization methods as well as in the bioreaction engineering aspects and economical aspects of their biocatalytic applications.
- Keywords
- Biocatalysis, Immobilization methods, Immobilized whole-cell biocatalyst, Multienzyme cascade reactions, Process economics, Reaction engineering,
- MeSH
- Bioengineering * MeSH
- Biocatalysis * MeSH
- Bioreactors * MeSH
- Cells, Immobilized * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Concurrent engineering is a new attempt to the theoretical and practical synthesis of human activities, especially of those ones focusing to industrial production or deep to influencing human society. Although its title sound near to technology terms, concurrent engineering does not miss medicine, ecology, social security and other disciplines. From the methodological viewpoint, concurrent engineering represents a synthesis of a wide spectrum of branches of sciences and technology; that synthesis is primarily stimulated by commercial aspects, supported by the interest coming from production, control of the society and business. But that synthesis leads to a rich process of discovering interdisciplinary relations at the theoretical level, supported by the powerful tools of modern information processing, knowledge representation and exact remote transfer of symbolic, graphic and acoustic information.
- MeSH
- Information Systems * MeSH
- Information Science * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Computer Simulation * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
This paper describes a case study of a control system design for a batch pharmaceutical process. The ISA standard S88.01 batch control models and terminology were used as the main guidelines for the implementation. As the S88 is not a guide for how to apply the definitions/structures, etc., one of the main goals of our work was to create a methodology for decomposition of functional requirements in terms of S88 models and structures. This methodology was tested on a real problem, described in the case study. Also presented are some remarks on project methodology and Food and Drug Administration validation.
- MeSH
- Computer-Aided Design * MeSH
- Technology, Pharmaceutical instrumentation methods standards MeSH
- Filtration methods MeSH
- Crystallization MeSH
- Nystatin isolation & purification MeSH
- Quality Control MeSH
- Software * MeSH
- Models, Theoretical * MeSH
- Feedback MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Nystatin MeSH
Rhizosphere engineering has emerged as a transformative strategy to address the pressing challenges of climate change, food security, and environmental sustainability. By harnessing the dynamic interactions between plants and microbes, and environmental processes, this approach offers innovative solutions for enhancing crop production, protecting against pests and diseases, and remediating contaminated environments. This review explores how rhizosphere engineering, both plant-based and microbe-based, can be leveraged to enhance crop productivity, manage pests and diseases, and remediate contaminated environments under shifting climate conditions. We examine the effects of climate change drivers such as elevated CO2, increased N deposition, rising temperatures, and altered precipitation patterns, on plant-microbe interactions and rhizosphere processes. We show that climate change impacts key functions, including respiration, decomposition and stabilization of soil organic matter, nutrient cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial community dynamics. Despite these challenges, engineered rhizospheres can mitigate adverse effects of climate change by improving rhizodeposition, nitrogen fixation, root architecture modification, selective microbe recruitment, and pathogen control, while enhancing carbon allocation and stabilization in soil. However, the deployment of these technologies is not without challenges. Ecological risks, such as unintended gene transfer and disruption of native microbial communities, as well as socioeconomic barriers, must be carefully addressed to ensure safe and scalable implementation. We identify critical research gaps such as the limited understanding of multi-taxon cooperation and scalability in engineered rhizosphere systems, and how mechanistic understanding of designer plants and microbes can advance crop production, protection, and environmental remediation in agriculture and agroforestry under global changes.
- Keywords
- Crop productivity, Food security, Genome engineering, Global changes, Plant-microbe interactions, Rhizosphere engineering, Synthetic biology,
- MeSH
- Climate Change MeSH
- Soil Microbiology MeSH
- Rhizosphere * MeSH
- Food Security * MeSH
- Crops, Agricultural * genetics growth & development microbiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
M systems are mathematical models of morphogenesis developed to gain insights into its relations to phenomena such as self-assembly, self-controlled growth, homeostasis, self-healing and self-reproduction, in both natural and artificial systems. M systems rely on basic principles of membrane computing and self-assembly, as well as explicit emphasis on geometrical structures (location and shape) in 2D, 3D or higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. They can be used for principled studies of these phenomena, both theoretically and experimentally, at a computational level abstracted from their detailed implementation. In particular, they afford 2D and 3D models to explore biological morphogenetic processes. Theoretical studies have shown that M systems are powerful tools (e.g., computational universal, i.e. can become as complex as any computer program) and their parallelism allows for trading space for time in solving efficiently problems considered infeasible on conventional computers (NP-hard problems). In addition, they can also exhibit properties such as robustness to injuries and degrees of self-healing. This paper focuses on the experimental side of M systems. To this end, we have developed a high-level morphogenetic simulator, Cytos, to implement and visualize M systems in silico in order to verify theoretical results and facilitate research in M systems. We summarize the software package and make a brief comparison with some other simulators of membrane systems. The core of the article is a description of a range of experiments inspired by aspects of morphogenesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The experiments explore the regulatory role of the septum and of the cytoskeleton in cell fission, the robustness of cell models against injuries, and, finally, the impact of changing nutrient concentration on population growth.
- Keywords
- M system, Membrane computing, Morphogenesis, Morphogenetic system, Self-assembly,
- MeSH
- Algorithms * MeSH
- Cell Division MeSH
- Cytoskeleton metabolism MeSH
- Eukaryotic Cells cytology metabolism MeSH
- Morphogenesis * MeSH
- Computer Simulation MeSH
- Prokaryotic Cells cytology metabolism MeSH
- Software * MeSH
- Models, Theoretical * MeSH
- Computational Biology methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Accurately predicting air quality concentrations is a challenging task due to the complex interactions of pollutants and their reliance on nonlinear processes. This study introduces an innovative approach in environmental engineering, employing artificial intelligence techniques to forecast air quality in Semnan, Iran. Comprehensive data on seven different pollutants was initially collected and analyzed. Then, several machine learning (ML) models were rigorously evaluated for their performance, and a detailed analysis was conducted. By incorporating these advanced technologies, the study aims to create a reliable framework for air quality prediction, with a particular focus on the case study in Iran. The results indicated that the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was the most effective method for predicting air quality across different seasons, showing high reliability across all datasets.
- Keywords
- Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Air quality, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
A system of control and measuring programs on IBM-PC or compatible computers was developed to explore the precision and accuracy of a subject's timing mechanisms in sensorimotor behavior. Various rhythmic patterns composed of several accentuated and non-accentuated tones which the subject has to follow or to reproduce by finger tapping can be designed. All parameters of the stimulus tones, i.e., duration, pitch and inter-tone pause, in a pattern are variable. Two parallel, independent responses can be monitored simultaneously as well. In this way, the mutual influence of responses of two subjects or two responses of one subject can be analyzed. The programs are written in MODULA-2, the output data are in the ASCII format and can be processed by any common statistical package.
- MeSH
- Data Interpretation, Statistical * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microcomputers * MeSH
- Software Design MeSH
- Observer Variation MeSH
- Task Performance and Analysis * MeSH
- Psychomotor Performance physiology MeSH
- Software * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The monitoring of data from global positioning system (GPS) receivers and remote sensors of physiological and environmental data allow forming an information database for observed data processing. In this paper, we propose the use of such a database for the analysis of physical activities during cycling. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to use cross-correlations between the heart rate and the altitude gradient to evaluate the delay between these variables and to study its time evolution. The data acquired during 22 identical cycling routes, each about 130 km long, include more than 6,700 segments of length 60 s recorded with varying sampling periods. General statistical and digital signal processing methods used include mathematical tools to reject gross errors, resampling using selected interpolation methods, digital filtering of noise signal components, and estimating cross-correlations between the position data and the physiological signals. The results of a regression between GPS and physiological data include the estimate of the time delay between the heart rate change and gradient altitude of about 7.5 s and its decrease during each training route.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Bicycling physiology MeSH
- Geographic Information Systems * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted * MeSH
- Regression Analysis MeSH
- Heart Rate physiology MeSH
- Telemetry methods MeSH
- Geography MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
BACKGROUND: One of the main challenges in modern science is the amount of data produced by the experimental work; it is difficult to store, organize and share the scientific data and to extract the wealth of knowledge. Experimental method descriptions in scientific publications are often incomplete, which complicates experimental reproducibility. The proposed system was created in order to address these issues. It provides a solution for management of the experimental data and metadata to support the reproducibility. IMPLEMENTATION: The system is implemented as a repository for experiment descriptions and experimental data. It has three main entry points: desktop application for protocol design and data processing, web interface dedicated for protocol and data management, and web-based interface for mobile devices suitable for the field experiments. The functionality of desktop client can be extended using the custom plug-ins for data extraction and data processing. The system provides several methods to support experimental reproducibility: standardized terminology support, data and metadata at a single location, standardized protocol design or protocol evolution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The system was tested in the framework of international infrastructure project AQUAEXCEL with five pilot installations at different institutes. The general testing in Tissue culture certified laboratory, Institute of complex systems and IFREMER verified the usability under different research infrastructures. The specific testing focused on the data processing modules and plug-ins demonstrated the modularity of the system for the specific conditions. The BioWes system represents experimental data as black box and therefore can handle any data type so as to provide broad usability for a variety of experiments and provide the data management infrastructure to improve the reproducibility and data sharing. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system provides the tools for standard data management operations and extends the support by the standardization possibilities, protocol evolution with visualization features and modularity based on the data processing modules and device communication plug-ins. The software can be used at different organization levels: from a single researcher (to improve data organization) to research consortium through the central protocols management repository. Support from the protocol design until being shared with the standardization features helps to improve the reproducibility of research work. The platform provides support from experimental protocol design to cooperation using simple sharing.
- Keywords
- Data management, Data processing, Experimental data, Metadata, Reproducibility, Sharing, Standardization,
- MeSH
- Internet * MeSH
- Cell Phone MeSH
- Reference Standards MeSH
- Software * MeSH
- Information Storage and Retrieval standards MeSH
- User-Computer Interface MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
