• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• studium lékařství normy   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Dánsko MeSH

• MeSH
• laboratorní informační systémy * MeSH
• mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

PURPOSE: The main goal of our study was to determine the database of parameters of simple binocular vision (SBV) in healthy adult population. Next goal was to verify current data of particular parameters of SBV. Recent public data (e.g. Divisova, Hromadkova) were determined without proper specification of examination (size of fusion object), or are too diffused (e.g. from 15 to 25 prismatic diopters = pD). At last we want to prove, if there are some other factors, which could influence parameters of SBV. METHODS: We had 74 subjects (64 women, 10 men) without significant eye pathology with average age of 24.82 years (max. 28 years, min. 22 years, SD 2.5 years). Particular parameters of SBV were examined without corrective lenses by emetropes, but with habitual correction by ametropes all on Sbisa synoptophore. We measured minimally 16 parameters of SBV, which were note in centimeters (pupillary distance) and in prismatic dioptres (deviation, fusion range and so on). These data were than statistically processed with program MS Excel and with Statitstika version 10. Level of statistical significance was set on p = 0.05. RESULTS: We got, thanks our study, these significant average results: Subjective deviation for far of all 74 subjects was count to 2.78 ± 3.65 pD, of women was 2.90 ± 3.69 and only for men was 2.00 ± 3.49. This result probably shows inadequate elimination of proximal convergence with the instrument. According our measurement of positive fusion range of all subjects is 25.10 ± 12.77 pD and negative fusion range -6.45 ± 4.18 dD, accommodation convergence to accommodation ration (AC/A) is 3.41 ± 1.47 pD a subjective deviation by accommodation on 33 cm (with minus 3 D) is 13.02 ± 5.23 pD. Further we proved statistical significant correlation between these parameters of SBV: Age and AC/A, SU-3 and AC/A, SU0 and SU-3, SU-3 and FS0 and FS-3. We didnt find any statistical significant differences, when we compared SBV parameters between emetropes, hypermetropes and myopes. The same results we got (except of pupillary distance), when we compared data divided according to gender. CONCLUSION: In our study we set the normative average data of SBV parameters, which were measured on healthy adult emetropes and ametropes with habitual correction. We also find how parameters influence each other. All SBV parameters differ on statistical significant level, when we compared them with respect to refractive state and gender. Knowledge of basic SBV parameters is important not only for ophthalmologist but also for optometrists. They can influence these in that way, which can bring comfortable SBV. The most frequent optometric methods are proper sphere-cylindrical correction, prismatic correction and visual training. accommodation ration, pupillary distance.

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky oftalmologické přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• vidění binokulární * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

Quit and Win has rapidly grown in popularity as a practical international smoking cessation activity. This is likely to be due to Quit and Win's unique, positive approach to a problem that is receiving increasing attention worldwide as a major health threat. The campaign is also a concrete channel for large international health collaboration, which is necessary considering the global nature of marketing efforts of the tobacco industry. Based on encouraging experiences of three previous international campaigns in 1994, 1996 and 1998, the next International Quit and Win will be organized in 2000. It will be larger than ever and support the new WHO Tobacco-Free Initiative.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Within the EU policies, quality of life as a criterion has been rarely used in evaluations. The concept of quality of life is vague and multidimensional. The unclear and ambiguity of the definition of what is included in the concept of quality of life makes it challenging to compare different studies with each other. The multidimensionality with pre-defined criteria makes sense when comparing the quality of life internationally or among regions. In case of improvement in quality of life, also criteria of local stakeholders need to be taken into account. Most published papers on quality of life evaluations are from health studies. The reason for such dominance lies in the importance of health conditions for the perception of the quality of life. The concept is, though, exploited in many other disciplines with various meanings. Beyond health conditions, many other factors influence the quality of life, including economic, social, work, or psychological ones. Another challenge concerns measuring the quality of life from objective and subjective perspectives. Objective factors like investment in civil infrastructure could sometimes be perceived differently across the population. Health, psychological, and social circumstances also influence the perception of quality of life. Moreover, the application of the same subjective indicator at different time points provides different information even if the same respondents participate in data collection. We can answer only partially the two questions used in the name of this contribution on why and how to use the quality of life as an evaluation criterion. It is because of the subjectivity of the understanding of the concept and multidimensionality of measuring it according to the needs of a particular evaluation.

• Klíčová slova
• Multidimensionality, Objective criteria, Quality of life, Subjective criteria, Wellbeing,
• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Evaluation of investments in tourism (as a cross-section industry) is a complex issue that needs to be addressed systematically by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This article deals with the setting of an ex-post evaluation framework for the assessment of impact interventions on the tourism sector at all its levels, especially the local one. The design of an evaluation framework for the tourism sector supported by the recommended approaches and methods is the first result of this methodically focused paper. The proposal to adopt the Method for Impact Assessment of Programmes and Projects = MAPP method into the tourism sector on a local level, including indicators, measures, and outcomes would be considered as a second significant result. The proposed evaluation framework can be used by the representatives of public institutions and organizations to measure the impact of programmes financially supported from public sources on the tourism sector in an efficient way. In particular, municipalities´ government bodies can adopt the proposed approach towards sustainable planning and development in tourism.

• Klíčová slova
• Evaluation in tourism, Ex-post evaluation framework, MAPP Method, Social perspective of investment evaluation, Tourism at the local level,
• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• místní státní správa * MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• turistika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Comprehensive bachelor's, master's, and doctorate-level curricula of Addiction Studies (Addictology) were developed and implemented at Charles University (First Faculty of Medicine) between 2003 and 2012. This Prague model combines three evidence-based approaches to addressing substance use - prevention, treatment, and public health - into a balanced professionalised discipline. Graduates from this programme are licensed by the State Authority as addictology, a regulated profession in the Czech Republic. Professionals with these degrees are recognised as healthcare professionals, can perform directly in the field and can be contracted by health insurance companies. In 2016, it was decided to integrate the Universal Prevention Curriculum (UPC) into these programmes of study. The UPC was developed by a group of prevention researchers from the United States. This article describes the technical steps involved when adapting the UPC into an established university degree programme. We describe the requirements needed for successful implementation and reaccreditation. Finally, we examine both barriers and enhancers of the adoption of UPC as a university programme. METHODS: A qualitative process evaluation study was conducted on the activities carried out in 2017-2018, demarcated by a successful university accreditation of the new curricula combining the original Prague model and the UPC curriculum. Field records, observation methods, official documents, curricular documents, syllabuses, content analysis, and thematic analysis were used for this process. RESULTS: We identified three clusters of issues and challenges during the adaptation and implementation process: technical (developing a new credit scheme, adopting new terminology using local and culture-specific examples, and cancelling, establishing, and/or fusing particular courses, identifying some critical issues for any practical implementation of the UPC); teaching staff-related (team work, involving motivated and qualified staff for moving from a national to an international perspective); and content and contextual (the conflict between different theoretical perspectives such as public health vs. mental health and drug use prevention vs. risk behaviour prevention). CONCLUSION: The adaptation of the UPC had a significant impact on study profiles and competencies. Such an implementation necessarily requires a team of staff members with sufficient capacities to be able to coordinate the process, facilitating each step and supervising it. The current adaptation of the UPC involved specific merging procedures to fit in with existing courses and emphasising an international perspective. This process opened a national discussion about the implementation of the UPC in the system of life-long education programmes and training. Beginning in September 2019, when the first group of students will attend this new model of Addictology studies, we will continue our evaluation of the implementation process and the factors that played a role in either hindering or supporting the implementation. The findings from this evaluation will be used to make adjustments to the curriculum.

• Klíčová slova
• academic degree study programmes, adaptation, curriculum, implementation process, prevention, specialised addiction programmes,
• MeSH
• adiktologie výchova   MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• kurikulum * MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studium lékařství pregraduální organizace a řízení   MeSH
• studium lékařství specializační postgraduální organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Many countries are developing suicide prevention strategies for which up-to-date, high-quality evidence is required. We present updated evidence for the effectiveness of suicide prevention interventions since 2005. METHODS: We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library using multiple terms related to suicide prevention for studies published between Jan 1, 2005, and Dec 31, 2014. We assessed seven interventions: public and physician education, media strategies, screening, restricting access to suicide means, treatments, and internet or hotline support. Data were extracted on primary outcomes of interest, namely suicidal behaviour (suicide, attempt, or ideation), and intermediate or secondary outcomes (treatment-seeking, identification of at-risk individuals, antidepressant prescription or use rates, or referrals). 18 suicide prevention experts from 13 European countries reviewed all articles and rated the strength of evidence using the Oxford criteria. Because the heterogeneity of populations and methodology did not permit formal meta-analysis, we present a narrative analysis. FINDINGS: We identified 1797 studies, including 23 systematic reviews, 12 meta-analyses, 40 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 67 cohort trials, and 22 ecological or population-based investigations. Evidence for restricting access to lethal means in prevention of suicide has strengthened since 2005, especially with regard to control of analgesics (overall decrease of 43% since 2005) and hot-spots for suicide by jumping (reduction of 86% since 2005, 79% to 91%). School-based awareness programmes have been shown to reduce suicide attempts (odds ratio [OR] 0·45, 95% CI 0·24-0·85; p=0·014) and suicidal ideation (0·5, 0·27-0·92; p=0·025). The anti-suicidal effects of clozapine and lithium have been substantiated, but might be less specific than previously thought. Effective pharmacological and psychological treatments of depression are important in prevention. Insufficient evidence exists to assess the possible benefits for suicide prevention of screening in primary care, in general public education and media guidelines. Other approaches that need further investigation include gatekeeper training, education of physicians, and internet and helpline support. The paucity of RCTs is a major limitation in the evaluation of preventive interventions. INTERPRETATION: In the quest for effective suicide prevention initiatives, no single strategy clearly stands above the others. Combinations of evidence-based strategies at the individual level and the population level should be assessed with robust research designs. FUNDING: The Expert Platform on Mental Health, Focus on Depression, and the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevence sebevražd * MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The study contributes to program design and evaluation practice in outdoor environmental education by identifying instructional strategies crucial for student satisfaction. Student satisfaction is a major factor in the overall success of outdoor environmental education programs. While the impact of these programs on student knowledge, attitudes, and behavior has been assessed often, student satisfaction has been subject of much less research. This study analyzes student satisfaction with four outdoor environmental education programs in the Czech Republic. The authors collected qualitative (N = 68) and quantitative (N = 323) data from the program participants after they had completed their respective programs. According to the results, the students appreciate a clearly defined program with meaningful activities. Also important is the role of the program leader and the students' having the opportunity to influence the activities during their free time in the program. Student satisfaction can in some cases be decreased by challenging weather and by demanding social interactions with their peers.

• Klíčová slova
• Mixed research, Outdoor environmental education, Residential programs, Student satisfaction,
• MeSH
• hodnocení programu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní uspokojení MeSH
• pavouci * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• ústa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: To study the effect of a universal prevention intervention targeting cannabis use in individual children with different risk profiles. METHODS: A school-based randomized controlled prevention trial was conducted over a period of 33 months (n=1874 sixth-graders, baseline mean age 11.82). We used a two-level random intercept logistic model for panel data to predict the probabilities of cannabis use for each child. Specifically, we used eight risk/protective factors to characterize each child and then predicted two probabilities of cannabis use for each child if the child had the intervention or not. Using the two probabilities, we calculated the absolute and relative effect of the intervention for each child. According to the two probabilities, we also divided the sample into a low-risk group (the quarter of the children with the lowest probabilities), a moderate-risk group, and a high-risk group (the quarter of the children with the highest probabilities) and showed the average effect of the intervention on these groups. RESULTS: The differences between the intervention group and the control group were statistically significant in each risk group. The average predicted probabilities of cannabis use for a child from the low-risk group were 4.3% if the child had the intervention and 6.53% if no intervention was provided. The corresponding probabilities for a child from the moderate-risk group were 10.91% and 15.34% and for a child from the high-risk group 25.51% and 32.61%. School grades, thoughts of hurting oneself, and breaking the rules were the three most important factors distinguishing high-risk and low-risk children. CONCLUSIONS: We predicted the effect of the intervention on individual children, characterized by their risk/protective factors. The predicted absolute effect and relative effect of any intervention for any selected risk/protective profile of a given child may be utilized in both prevention practice and research.

• Klíčová slova
• Cannabis/marijuana use, Prevention intervention, Randomized controlled trial, Risk behaviors, Risk groups, Unplugged,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hodnocení programu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouření marihuany epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH