Heart remodeling occurs as a compensation mechanism for the massive loss of tissue during initial heart failure and the consequent inflammation process. During heart remodeling fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts activate their secretion functions and produce elevated amounts, of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mostly collagen, that form scar tissue and alter the normal degradation of ECM. Scar formation does replace the damaged tissue structurally; however, it impedes the normal contractive function of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and results in long-lasting effects after heart failure. Besides CMs and cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) contribute to heart repair. This review summarizes the current knowledge of EC-CM crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis (CF), the role of cEPCs in heart regeneration and the contribution of Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT).

• MeSH
• endoteliální buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• endoteliální progenitorové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• interakce mezi receptory a ligandy MeSH
• kardiomyocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• remodelace komor * MeSH
• srdce fyziologie   MeSH
• transdiferenciace buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Heart remodeling occurs as a compensation mechanism for the massive loss of tissue during initial heart failure and the consequent inflammation process. During heart remodeling fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts activate their secretion functions and produce elevated amounts, of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mostly collagen, that form scar tissue and alter the normal degradation of ECM. Scar formation does replace the damaged tissue structurally; however, it impedes the normal contractive function of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and results in long-lasting effects after heart failure. Besides CMs and cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells (ECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) contribute to heart repair. This review summarizes the current knowledge of EC-CM crosstalk in cardiac fibrosis (CF), the role of cEPCs in heart regeneration and the contribution of Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT).

• MeSH
• endoteliální progenitorové buňky * MeSH
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• fibróza MeSH
• jizva metabolismus   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myofibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• srdeční selhání * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny MeSH

After its introduction for scientific investigation in the 1950s, the cypriniform zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become a valuable model for the study of regenerative processes and mechanisms. Zebrafish exhibit epimorphic regeneration, in which a nondifferentiated cell mass formed after amputation is able to fully regenerate lost tissue such as limbs, heart muscle, brain, retina, and spinal cord. The process of limb regeneration in zebrafish comprises several stages characterized by the activation of specific signaling pathways and gene expression. We review current research on key factors in limb regeneration using zebrafish as a model.

• Klíčová slova
• Danio rerio, biomedicine, model organism, regeneration, zebrafish,
• MeSH
• dánio pruhované genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• ploutve zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Unlike adult mammals, newborn mice can regenerate a functional heart after myocardial infarction; however, the precise origin of the newly formed cardiomyocytes and whether the distal part of the conduction system (the Purkinje fiber (PF) network) is properly formed in regenerated hearts remains unclear. PFs, as well as subendocardial contractile cardiomyocytes, are derived from trabeculae, transient myocardial ridges on the inner ventricular surface. Here, using connexin 40-driven genetic tracing, we uncover a substantial participation of the trabecular lineage in myocardial regeneration through dedifferentiation and proliferation. Concomitantly, regeneration disrupted PF network maturation, resulting in permanent PF hyperplasia and impaired ventricular conduction. Proliferation assays, genetic impairment of PF recruitment, lineage tracing and clonal analysis revealed that PF network hyperplasia results from excessive recruitment of PFs due to increased trabecular fate plasticity. These data indicate that PF network hyperplasia is a consequence of trabeculae participation in myocardial regeneration.

• MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen MeSH
• hyperplazie patologie   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty patologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• novorozená zvířata * MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• Purkyňova vlákna * patofyziologie   fyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• regenerace * fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory * patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The research for heart therapies is challenged by the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the adult heart. Moreover, it has been hampered by the poor results obtained by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine attempts at generating functional beating constructs able to integrate with the host tissue. For this reason, organ transplantation remains the elective treatment for end-stage heart failure, while novel strategies aiming to promote cardiac regeneration or repair lag behind. The recent discovery that adult cardiomyocytes can be ectopically induced to enter the cell cycle and proliferate by a combination of microRNAs and cardioprotective drugs, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants and anti-platelets agents, fueled the quest for new strategies suited to foster cardiac repair. While proposing a revolutionary approach for heart regeneration, these studies raised serious issues regarding the efficient controlled delivery of the therapeutic cargo, as well as its timely removal or metabolic inactivation from the site of action. Especially, there is need for innovative treatment because of evidence of severe side effects caused by pleiotropic drugs. Biocompatible nanoparticles possess unique physico-chemical properties that have been extensively exploited for overcoming the limitations of standard medical therapies. Researchers have put great efforts into the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesis and functionalization, to control their interactions with the biological milieu and use as a viable alternative to traditional approaches. Nanoparticles can be used for diagnosis and deliver therapies in a personalized and targeted fashion. Regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nanoparticles-based strategies have provided very promising outcomes, in preclinical studies, during the last years. Efficient encapsulation of a large variety of cargos, specific release at the desired site and improvement of cardiac function are some of the main achievements reached so far by nanoparticle-based treatments in animal models. This work offers an overview on the recent nanomedical applications for cardiac regeneration and highlights how the versatility of nanomaterials can be combined with the newest molecular biology discoveries to advance cardiac regeneration therapies.

• Klíčová slova
• Hippo pathway, YAP, cardiac regeneration, cardiomyopathy, nanoparticles, targeted delivery,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Remodelling of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction is a major cause of the heart failure development with possible death. Despite application of pharmacological, catheter and surgical interventions and the use of new mechanical devices, the myocardium lost during myocardial infarction cannot be regenerated. Implantation of bone-marrow stem cells into the heart might be a new method to restore myocardial viability. In animal experiments, attempts to replace fibrotic zone by transplanting stem cells have regularly succeeded in reconstituting myocardial structure--cardiomyocytes and capillary vessels. Repair of myocardium using bone-marrow derived multipotent stem cells was shown in experimental and in the first few clinical studies. Current status of our knowledge about the use of stem cells in the myocardial regeneration is described in this article, as well as the cautions, which are necessary during early period of this mode of treatment in humans.

• MeSH
• infarkt myokardu terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myokard cytologie   MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• transplantace kmenových buněk * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Long-term experiments with the total artificial heart (TAH) are a source of valuable knowledge for later clinical application. Our observations result from 66 long-term experiments on calves and one goat ranging from 30 to 314 days, which have shown the main possible complications in the early period (one month) and later in the experiment. Problems until the second month of pumping concern the clinical pendant of the TAH as a bridge for transplantation, i.e. surgical problems, blood coagulation disorders, infection etc. Later problems are high venous pressure or arterial hypertension, infection with septic thromboembolization, mineralization of the driving diaphragm, etc., and are more closely comparable to the conditions of permanent clinical use of the TAH. Faultless surgery, device function and the regimen of pumping are essential factors in every long-term experiment, just as in clinical application. Infection is a threat throughout any experiment, as in clinical cases. The TNS-BRNO-VII/clin/80 TAH has been implanted in six patients.

• MeSH
• centrální žilní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdce chirurgie   MeSH
• regenerace nervu fyziologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• transplantace srdce * MeSH
• umělé srdce * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• adrenalektomie * MeSH
• chlorid sodný * MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• hypertenze etiologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku MeSH
• myokard MeSH
• regenerace * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• těhotenství u zvířat MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný * MeSH

The International Cardiovascular Anatomy, Development, and Regeneration meeting was held from 18-20 September 2024, in Prague, Czech Republic, supported by the European Society of Cardiology's Working Group on Development, Anatomy, and Pathology. Hosted at the Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, the event began with a hands-on workshop on normal and malformed human hearts, covering morphology, echocardiographic imaging, and rare congenital cases. The session allowed participants to examine and image both normal and malformed hearts. The main conference featured nine platform sessions on topics including pediatric cardiology, cardiac progenitors biology, congenital heart disease mechanisms, and cardiac regeneration. Highlights included two keynote lectures on cardiac genetics and development. In keeping with an established, decades-long tradition, the conference is a well-attended event, marking significant engagement in the latest cardiovascular research. The next appointment will be in Granada, Spain, 15-17 October 2025.

• Klíčová slova
• European Society of Cardiology, cardiac progenitors, congenital heart disease, echocardiography, heart development,
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

We have investigated expression of skeletal calsequestrin (CSQ1) and fiber type composition in normal and regenerated fast and slow skeletal muscles and in the left heart ventricles of euthyroid (EU), hypothyroid (HY) and hyperthyroid (TH) adult inbred Lewis strain rats. The CSQ1 level was determined by SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. CSQ1 gene expression was assessed using reverse transcription and subsequent real time polymerase chain reaction. Muscle regeneration was achieved by intramuscular grafting of either soleus or extensor digitorum longus (EDL) from 3- to 4-week-old rats to either EDL or soleus muscle of 2-month-old rats. The fiber type composition was assessed by a stereological method applied to stained muscle cross sections. We found that the protein and mRNA levels for CSQ1 were highest in the EDL muscle, the relative CSQ1 protein levels in the soleus muscle were two times lower and the transcript levels more than 5 times lower compared to the EDL. In the left heart ventricle, protein isoform and CSQ1 transcript were also present, although at protein level, CSQ1 was hardly detectable. TH status increased and HY status decreased the expression of CSQ1 in the EDL, but its relative levels in the soleus and in the heart did not change. The regenerated soleus transplanted into EDL, as well as EDL transplanted into soleus exhibited protein and mRNA levels of CSQ1 corresponding to the host muscle and not to the graft source. TH status increased the percentages of the fastest 2X/D and 2B fibers at the expense of slow type 1 and fast 2A fibers in the EDL and that of fast 2A fibers in the soleus at the expense of slow type 1 fibers. HY status led to converse fiber type changes. We suggest that the observed changes in CSQ1 levels in TH and HY compared to EU rats can be related to fiber type changes caused by alteration of the thyroid status rather than to the direct effect of thyroid hormones on CSQ1 gene expression.

• MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus   MeSH
• kalsekvestrin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• protein - isoformy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regenerace fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory metabolismus   MeSH
• štítná žláza chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hormony štítné žlázy MeSH
• kalsekvestrin MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• protein - isoformy MeSH