PURPOSE: The main goal of our study was to prove the statistical significant correlation between repeated measurements and test-retest variability TRV expressed with confidence interval CI according to Bland-Altman's method on 95% level of statistical confidence. The methods are threshold interpolation logMAR method on ETDRS chart, whole-line method on Snellen chart and modified threshold interpolation method on Snellen chart with Sloan letters. METHODS: We had 468 measurements measured with threshold interpolation log MAR method on ETDRS chart, whole-line method on Snellen chart and modified threshold interpolation method on Snellen chart with Sloan letters. The average value of the first sequence of measurements measured with whole-line method on Snellen chart was -0.043 logMAR (min. 1, max. -0.30. SD 0.25) and of the second sequence of measurements was -0.045 logMAR (min. 1, max. -0.30. SD 0.23). The average value of the first sequence of measurements measured with interpolation method on Snellen chart was -0.018 logMAR (min. 0.98, max. -0.30. SD 0.29) and of the second sequence of measurements was -0.024 logMAR (min. 1, max. -0.80. SD 0.29). The average value of the first sequence of measurements measured with interpolation method on ETDRS chart was -0.0612 logMAR (min. 0.72, max. -0.30. SD 0.21) and of the second sequence of measurements was -0.0610 log MAR (min. 0.8, max. -0.28, SD 0.21). RESULTS: We have proved that all methods do not have statistical significant difference between repeated measurements (Wilcoxon paired test, whole-line method on Snellen chart p = 0.74, interpolation method on Snellen chart p = 0.33 and interpolation method on ETDRS p = 0.95) and they also have statistical significant correlations (Spearman correlation coefficient, whole-line method on Snellen chart r = 0.91, p < 0.0001, interpolation method on Snellen chart r = 0.89, p < 0.0001 and interpolation method on ETDRS chart r = 0.89, p < 0.0001). TRV expressed with CI on 95% statistical significance level according to method of Bland-Altman was with whole-line method on Snellen chart +/- 0.11 (i.e., 5 letters), with interpolation method on Snellen chart +/- 0.20 (i.e., 10 letters) and with interpolation method on ETDRS +/- 0.08 (i.e., 4 letters). CONCLUSION: In our study we proved that there is no statistical significant difference between repeated measurements with all three methods. After that we proved statistical significant correlations between repeated measurements with all three methods. The biggest clinical importance has determination and confirmation of the CI value of TRV. With interpolation method on ETDRS it was CI +/- 0.08 (i.e., +/- 4 letters), with whole-line method on Snellen it was CI +/- 0.11 (i.e., +/- 5 letters) and with interpolation method on Snellen it was CI +/- 0.20 (i.e., +/- 10 letters). Our recommendation based on results of our study is that is not clinically appropriate to convert measured values from Snellen optotype to logMAR and perform interpolation method on Snellen chart.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zraková ostrost * MeSH
• zrakové testy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To compare effect of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on contrast sensitivity (CS) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in high myopia. METHODS: 38 myopes (PRK) and 31 patients (LASIK) were examined before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -8.0 +/- 1.7D (PRK) and -9.2 +/- 2.1D (LASIK). CS was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast Sensitivity 8010 Type at 6 spatial frequencies (0.74 and 29.55 c/deg), BCVA was measured on logMAR charts. RESULTS: At 12 months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent was -0.6 +/- 1.0D (PRK) and -1.0 +/- 0.8D (LASIK). Postoperative values of CS were significantly higher in the PRK group, except for spatial frequencies of 3.69 and 7.39 c/deg up to 3 months postoperatively. The initial significant decrease of BCVA lasted up to 6 months after PRK. In the LASIK group BCVA was not significantly different from its preoperative level at the 3-months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvement of CS after PRK suggest that PRK can improve quality of vision in eyes with high myopia. Although recovery of BCVA after LASIK was faster than after PRK, there may be a persistent decrease in CS.

• MeSH
• citlivost na kontrast MeSH
• fotorefrakční keratektomie * MeSH
• laserová modelace rohovky pod rohovkovou lamelou * MeSH
• lasery excimerové MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myopie patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• refrakce oka MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE: The decrease in visual acuity under low luminance conditions is well known. Recent laboratory evidence showed that crowding under low luminance (mesopic) light levels is less robust than under photopic conditions. The present study examines whether such differences in crowding influence clinical measurements of mesopic visual acuity, including test-retest repeatability. METHODS: Twenty adult subjects with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity were recruited for the study. Monocular visual acuity was measured under photopic (228 cd/m2) and mesopic (0.164 cd/m2) luminance conditions using a letter chart, similar in principle to the ETDRS logMAR chart, presented on a computer monitor. Three rows of five letters, each row differing in size by 0.05 logMAR from largest to smallest were displayed at the center of the monitor. The level of crowding was varied by varying the separation between horizontally adjacent letters from 100% optotype size to 50, 20, and 10% optotype size. Inter-row spacing was proportional to optotype size. Observers read the letters on the middle row only. Measurements continued by reducing the size of the letters, until three or more errors on the middle row were made. Each correctly identified letter contributed 0.01 to the recorded logMAR score. All measurements were repeated for each subject on two separate days. RESULTS: Visual acuity (logMAR) was significantly better under photopic than mesopic luminance conditions with a mean difference of 0.48 logMAR. Visual acuity also decreased with decreasing letter separation (i.e. increase in crowding). However, the decrease in visual acuity for the smallest letter separation was less under the mesopic luminance condition, even after accounting for the increased size of threshold acuity letters. Test-retest repeatability for mesopic and photopic conditions was not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Crowding under mesopic luminance conditions has less impact on visual acuity than under photopic luminance.

• Klíčová slova
• Crowding, Luminance, Mesopic, Photopic, Visual acuity, logMAR,
• MeSH
• citlivost na kontrast MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• vidění barevné fyziologie   MeSH
• vidění mezopické fyziologie   MeSH
• zraková ostrost * MeSH
• zrakové testy metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The main goal of our study was to prove the statistical significant difference between the threshold interpolation logMAR method on ETDRS chart and the whole-line method on Snellen chart with Sloan letters. We had 108 measurements with the threshold interpolation method and the whole-line method on ETDRS chart and the whole-line method on Snellen chart. The average value measured with the threshold method in ETDRS was 1,132 (min. 0,660, max. 1,580), with the whole-line method on ETDRS it was 1,134 (min. 0,630, max. 1,580) and with the whole-line method on Snellen chart it was 1,183 (min. 0,630, max. 1,600). We have proved statistical significant difference between the threshold interpolation method made on ETDRS chart and the whole-line method made on Snellen chart (p < 0.001). The values measured with the whole-line method on Snellen chart were overvalued. The exact and reliable measuring of visual acuity is an important component of further examinations (e.g. contrast sensitivity, perimetry, tonometry), which enable us to make a correct diagnosis of pathological changes on human eye structures.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zraková ostrost * MeSH
• zrakové testy metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE: To compare objective quality of vision in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with implantation of a bilateral segmented multifocal intraocular lens (SMIOL). METHODS: A retro-prospective study included 110 eyes of 55 patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral SMIOL implantation. Patients were divided according to the type of implanted intraocular lens into group 1 (SBL-2, 62 eyes) and group 2 (SBL-3, 48 eyes). Postoperatively, monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA, at 66 cm), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA, at 40 cm), corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) and defocus curve were measured and evaluated. The follow-up period was 6 months. RESULTS: Mean UCDVA in group 1 (SBL-2) was 0.010 ±0.15 LogMAR monocularly, 0.01 ±0.10 LogMAR binocularly, and in group 2 (SBL-3) was 0.02 ±0.11 LogMAR monocularly and -0.07 ±0.09 LogMAR binocularly. Binocular defocus curves showed that the SBL-3 group performed better than the SBL-2 lens at a vergence of -1.50 D corresponding to 66 cm (center distance), averaging 0.03 ±0.11 LogMAR, while the SBL-2 group averaged 0.12 ±0.14 LogMAR (p = 0.01). The -2.50 D vergence characterizing near vision (40 cm) was achieved by the SBL-2 lens in our study at 0.33 ±0.15 LogMAR and by the SBL-3 lens at 0.00 ±0.11 LogMAR (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: Both SMIOLs provided very good vision at all tested distances 6 months postoperatively. The SBL-2 lens performed better in UCIVA, while the SBL-3 lens excelled in UCDVA and UCNVA.

• Klíčová slova
• Visual acuity, bifocal, cataract, defocus curve, rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens,
• MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• refrakce oka MeSH
• vidění binokulární MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: To evaluate our own results of the use of hybrid monovision technique, in patients after bilateral cataract surgery, where in the dominant eye the monofocal intraocular lens is implanted and in the non-dominant eye the multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective follow-up of group of 33 patients with bilateral cataract surgery and induced hybrid monovision. In the dominant eye, the hydrophilic monofocal aspheric intraocular lens Auroflex (Aurolab) was implanted, and in the non-dominant eye the hydrophilic multifocal aspheric intraocular lens Seelens (Hanita) was implanted. During the post-operative period, the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), best-corrected near visual acuity (CNVA), and distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) were established. Further, the monocular contrast sensitivity, subjective satisfaction, and dysfotopsias appearance were examined. The examinations were held 3 and 6 months after the surgery. RESULTS: In dominant eyes with implanted monofocal lens, UDVA improved from 0.61 ± 0.39 logMAR preoperatively to 0.03 ± 0.14 logMAR at 6 months after the surgery. In non-dominant eyes, with implanted multifocal intraocular lens, UDVA improved from 0.30 ± 0.23 logMAR preoperatively to -0.04 ± 0.06 logMAR. The average binocular UDVA (bUDVA) was -0.07 ± 0.08 logMAR and binocular CDVA (bCDVA) -0.12 ± 0.06. The average UNVA in dominant eyes 6 months after the surgery was 0.62 ± 0.18 logMAR, in non-dominant eyes 0.18 ± 0,15 logMAR, binocularly 0.15 ± 0.11 logMAR. The contrast sensitivity was in the eyes with implanted multifocal IOL slightly worse comparing to the eyes with implanted monofocal lens, albeit only in the space frequency of 6 cycles per degree (CPD) this difference was statistically significant. Subjectively, the presence of dysfotopsia and other problems were very low, the average values of single answers were from 1.3 to 2.1 (on the scale 1 - 5, 1 - no problems and 5 - severe problems). Also, we noticed high percentage of subjective satisfaction with the surgery results (94 %). Six percent of patients wear glasses for near distance as a standard, 42 % of patients wear them occasionally, and 45 % of patients dont use glasses for near distance at all. CONCLUSION: The technique of hybrid monovision is effective, safe, and relatively cheap method solving the loss of accommodation in patients after the cataract surgery. This method extends the spectrum of our possibilities how to solve the loss of accommodation in these patients.Key words: hybrid monovision, multifocal intraocular lens, contrast sensitivity.

• MeSH
• extrakce katarakty * MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To assess efficacy and patient satisfaction after cataract surgery and implantation of a new accommodative bioanalogic intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: We evaluated the collected data of 48 patients with bilateral cataract surgery and Wichterle IOL (WIOL) implantation included in the Czech national observational registry. Monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity for distance (CDVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity for near (CNVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity were evaluated 6 months after surgery. Subjective patient satisfaction was assessed at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean monocular UDVA was 0.074 ± 0.108 logMAR, the mean monocular CDVA was 0.047 ± 0.125 logMAR, the mean monocular UNVA was 0.328 ± 0.146 logMAR, the mean monocular DCNVA was 0.339 ± 0.131 logMAR, and the mean monocular CNVA was 0.139 ± 0.107 logMAR. A total of 24 patients (50%) had no problems with any light phenomena. A total of 18 patients were very satisfied (37.5%), 11 were satisfied (22.9%), 15 (31.2%) were rather satisfied, 4 (8.3%) were rather dissatisfied, and 0 were dissatisfied. CONCLUSIONS: The WIOL-continuous focus polyfocal lens offers very good vision at far and intermediate distance comparable with other types of multifocal IOLs, and relatively good near vision, while the incidence of adverse side phenomena is relatively low.

• MeSH
• akomodace oka fyziologie   MeSH
• brýle MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• protézy - design MeSH
• pseudofakie patofyziologie   MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• vidění binokulární fyziologie   MeSH
• zraková ostrost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

PURPOSE: To assess the visual outcome of cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative clinical study. METHODS: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data of patients with RP who were undergoing cataract surgery were collected from several expertise centers across Europe. RESULTS: In total, 295 eyes of 226 patients were included in the study. The mean age at surgery of the first eye was 56.1 ± 17.9 years. Following surgery, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.03 to 0.81 logMAR (ie, 20/214 to 20/129 Snellen) in the first treated eye (-0.22 logMAR; 95% CI = -0.31 to -0.13; P < .001) and from 0.80 to 0.56 logMAR (ie, 20/126 to 20/73 Snellen) in the second treated eye (-0.24 logMAR; 95% CI = -0.32 to -0.15; P < .001). Marked BCVA improvements (postoperative change in BCVA of ≥0.3 logMAR) were observed in 87 of 226 patients (39%). Greater odds for marked visual improvements were observed in patients with moderate visual impairment or worse. The most common complications were zonular dialysis (n = 15; 5%) and (exacerbation of) cystoid macular edema (n = 14; 5%), respectively. Postoperative posterior capsular opacifications were present in 111 of 295 eyes (38%). CONCLUSION: Significant improvements in BCVA are observed in most patients with RP following cataract surgery. Baseline BCVA is a predictor of visual outcome. Preoperative evaluation should include the assessment of potential zonular insufficiency and the presence of CME, as they are relatively common and may increase the risk of complications.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fakoemulzifikace * MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
• katarakta * komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retinopathia pigmentosa * komplikace   diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zkalení zadního pouzdra čočky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

27 year old patient with a history of alcohol abuse after consumption of fat meal and wine following epigastric pain noticed sudden bilateral visual loss: right eye logMAR 0, 94, left eye logMAR 1, 22. Retinal examination revealed massive edema in the central part of the retina, multiple cotton wool spots in the posterior pole peripapillary and flame-shaped hemorrhages. On the OCT, there was edema most of all in the inner part of the retina, but also subretinal, hyperreflectivity in the nerve fibre layers corresponding to massive cotton wool spots. Fluorescein angiography in the early phases showed hypofluorescent ischemic areas of the retina subsequently leakage developed in the late phases. Immediately after antibiotic and spasmoanalgetic treatment of the pancreatitis visual acuity improved and 2 months after beginning of the therapy visual acuity is logMAR 0 bilateraly. We proposed that the most suspected cause of Purtscher-like retinopathy in this case is fat embolism.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• alkoholická pankreatitida komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fluoresceinová angiografie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci retiny diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy with Visudyne represents a new method in treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with Visudyne was confirmed at our department in the group of 49 patients (13 men, 36 women) of mean age 72.7 years with predominantly classical and occult choroidal neovascular membrane in subfoveal localization in wet form of age-related macular degeneration. The observation period in all patients in this group was 24 month. During the observation period, 27 patients with predominantly classical choroidal neovascular membrane underwent 1 to 5 treatments (mean 1.8). Before the treatment the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.696 +/- 0.20 logMAR. At the end of observation period the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.985 +/- 0.39 logMAR. Best corrected visual acuity dropped by 2.88 lines of ETDRS (early treatment diabetic retinopathy study) visual charts. 22 patients with the genuine occult choroidal neovascular membrane underwent during the observation period 1 to 3 treatments (mean 1.5). Average best corrected visual acuity before the treatment was 0.755 +/- 0.25 logMAR. At the end of observation period the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.909 +/- 0.42 logMAR. We found out the decrease of average best corrected visual acuity by 1.55 lines of ETDRS charts. CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of the average best corrected visual acuity less than 3 lines at ETDRS charts is considered as stabilisation of the finding. In our group this goal was achieved in 2/3 of patients.

• MeSH
• fluoresceinová angiografie MeSH
• fotochemoterapie * MeSH
• fotosenzibilizující látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární degenerace komplikace   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• porfyriny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• verteporfin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fotosenzibilizující látky MeSH
• porfyriny MeSH
• verteporfin MeSH