OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the risk of lung cancer associated with ever working as a painter, duration of employment and type of painter by histological subtype as well as joint effects with smoking, within the SYNERGY project. METHODS: Data were pooled from 16 participating case-control studies conducted internationally. Detailed individual occupational and smoking histories were available for 19 369 lung cancer cases (684 ever employed as painters) and 23 674 age-matched and sex-matched controls (532 painters). Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, centre, cigarette pack-years, time-since-smoking cessation and lifetime work in other jobs that entailed exposure to lung carcinogens. RESULTS: Ever having worked as a painter was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.50). The association was strongest for construction and repair painters and the risk was elevated for all histological subtypes, although more evident for small cell and squamous cell lung cancer than for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. There was evidence of interaction on the additive scale between smoking and employment as a painter (relative excess risk due to interaction >0). CONCLUSIONS: Our results by type/industry of painter may aid future identification of causative agents or exposure scenarios to develop evidence-based practices for reducing harmful exposures in painters.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer, epidemiology, painters, smoking,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic chemicky indukované   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nemoci z povolání chemicky indukované   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The centennial commemorial of the birthday of Ladislav Borovanský gives us an incentive for describing a short history of Czech anatomy in Medical Faculty of Charles University with their textbooks and painters. Parallelly with them are presented some other distinguished painters active in anatomical aspect of illustration.

• MeSH
• anatomie pro výtvarníky dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lékařské ilustrace dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• školy lékařské dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• O autorovi
• Borovanský, L

• MeSH
• chondroitin metabolismus   MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• kraniofaciální dysostóza dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malířství dějiny   MeSH
• nanismus dějiny   MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• významné osobnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Francie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chondroitin MeSH

• O autorovi
• Toulouse-Lautrec, H

Diseases of the ear, nose and throat influenced or played an important role in the lives of painters (D. Ghirlandaio, L. da Vinci, L. van Leyden, J. Reynolds, F. Goya, V. van Gogh), composers (L. van Beethoven, B. Smetana, G. Puccini, M. Ravel, J. Jezek), writers or poets (W. Shakespeare, O. Wilde), statesmen (Francis II, John VI., G. Washington, Frederick III, G.S. Cleveland, U.S. Grant, Edward VII, A. Hitler, F.D. Roosevelt) or other famous persons (M. Luther, T. Brahe, H. Schliemann, T.A. Edison, S. Freud, G.S. Patton, E. Rommel, etc.). The aim of this paper is to remind us of and also to enrich our knowledge about the specialization in which we are working everyday.

• MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lékařství v umění MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické nemoci dějiny   MeSH
• významné osobnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

It has been proved that the saccadic suppression is a phenomenon closely related to the presence of contours and structures in the visual field. Experiments were performed to clarify whether the structured background influences the pattern of attention distribution (making the stimulus detection more difficult) or whether the elevation of visual threshold is due to the "masking' effect of the moving background image over the retina. Two types of backgrounds were used therefore: those with symbolic meaning in the processing of which "psychological' mechanisms are presumably involved like picture reproductions of famous painters and photographs of nudes, and those lacking semantic significance like computer figures composed of randomly distributed black and white squares with different grain expressed as the entropy of the pattern. The results show that saccadic suppression is primarily a consequence of peripheral mechanisms, probably of lateral inhibition in the visual field occurring in the presence of moving edges over the retina. Psychological factors have to be excluded as being fundamental for saccadic suppression.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oční fixace MeSH
• pohyby očí * MeSH
• retina fyziologie   MeSH
• rozpoznávání obrazu * MeSH
• vnímání tvaru * MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• zraková pole MeSH
• zrakové korové centrum fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Sixteen samples of orange-red and yellow Fe-oxide earthy pigments mainly from bole grounds of Baroque paintings were studied by elemental and phase analysis and voltammetry. Fe, K, and Ti content were found to be suitable for further classification of those earthy pigments. According to the chemical and phase composition the yellow grounds were natural yellow ochres formed by intense chemical weathering in a moderate climate. Very similar phase and elemental composition of part of the orange-red boles indicated their similar geological origin or even their formation by calcination of yellow ochres. Part of the orange-red boles differed significantly from the yellow boles, especially in their increased content of Ti, indicating their relation to end products of intense weathering, e.g. laterites formed in a tropical climate. Analogous materials with a correspondingly large Ti content are not currently commercially available and their geological origin (provenance) is not clear. In several orange-red boles the intentional addition of rather coarse-grained haematite to natural ochre by the painters was assumed on the basis of Fe oxide content and crystallinity.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

There is an increased societal trend to engage in microdosing, in which small sub-hallucinogenic amounts of psychedelics are consumed on a regular basis. Following subjective reports that microdosing enhances the experience of nature and art, in the present study we set out to study the effects of psilocybin microdosing on feelings of awe and art perception. In this preregistered combined field- and lab-based study, participants took part in a microdosing workshop after which they volunteered to self-administer a psilocybin microdose or a placebo for three consecutive weeks, while the condition was kept blind to the participants and researchers. Following a 2-week break, the condition assignment was reversed. During each block, participants visited the lab twice to measure the effects of psilocybin microdosing vs. placebo. We used standardized measures of awe, in which participants reported their experiences in response to short videos or when viewing abstract artworks from different painters. Our confirmatory analyses showed that participants felt more awe in response to videos representing funny animals and moving objects in the microdosing compared to the placebo condition. However, about two-third of our participants were breaking blind to their experimental condition. Our exploratory findings suggest that expectancy-effects may be a driving factor underlying the subjective benefits of microdosing.

• Klíčová slova
• Aesthetics, Awe, Expectancy-effects, Microdosing, Psilocybin,
• MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• halucinogeny * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psilocybin * farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• halucinogeny * MeSH
• psilocybin * MeSH

Twenty one mock-up samples containing inorganic pigments primarily used at the turn of the 19th and 20th century were selected for comparative study and measured by micro-Raman and portable Raman spectrometers. They included pure grounds (chalk-based, earth-based and lithopone-based), grounds covered by resin-based varnish, and different paint layers containing mixtures of white, yellow, orange, red, green, blue and black pigments, usually in combination with white pigments (titanium, zinc and barium whites or chalk). In addition, ten micro-samples obtained from seven paintings of two world-famous modern painters Edvard Munch and František Kupka have been investigated. Infrared reflection spectroscopy (FTIR), portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used as supplementary methods. The measurements showed that blue pigments (ultramarine, Prussian blue and azurite), vermilion and ivory black in mixture with whites provided characteristic Raman spectra, while Co-, Cd- and Cr- pigments' bands were suppressed by fluorescence. The best success rate of micro-Raman spectroscopy has been achieved using the 780 nm excitation, however, the sensitivity of this excitation laser in a portable Raman instrument significantly decreased. The analyses of micro-samples of paintings by E. Munch and F. Kupka showed that micro-Raman spectroscopy identified pigments which would remain unidentified if analyzed only by SEM-EDS (zinc yellow, Prussian blue). On the other hand, chromium oxide green and ultramarine were not detected together in a sample due to overlap of their main bands. In those cases, it is always necessary to complement Raman analysis with other analytical methods.

• Klíčová slova
• Micro-Raman spectroscopy, Modern paints, Portable Raman spectrometry,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter's technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601-1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.

• MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody   MeSH
• malířství MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty analýza   MeSH
• proteiny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny MeSH

This paper presents an investigation of a panel painting depicting St Anne with the Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus that dates back to the beginning of the 16th century. This work is attributed to the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece, who was the most important painter in the time period of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Bohemia (the historical name of a part of the Czech Republic). At present, the painting is deposited in the collections of the National Gallery in Prague. The aims of this study were to carry out a systematic collection of sufficient data to make correct interpretations of the materials that were used, to compare the results with the technique of the Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece, and in this way to prove his authorship. In the analyses of the material compositions, emphasis was placed on non-destructive and non-invasive methods, e.g. X-ray fluorescence microanalysis, which was performed using a device with lateral resolution of 20μm. Further applied methods were X-ray radiography, Infrared Reflectography, photographic documentation in visible and ultraviolet light, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Infrared microspectroscopy with Fourier transformation, and microscopic analysis.

• Klíčová slova
• Late Gothic, Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece, Non-invasive analysis, Panel painting, Pigments, X-ray fluorescence,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH