This study focused on the antifouling effect of copper oxide (Cu2O)- and zineb-based coatings against Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 by analysing photosynthetic activity using chlorophyll fluorescence. The photoautotrophically grown cyanobacterium was exposed to toxic coatings over a short-term period of 32 h. The study showed that Cyanothece cultures are particularly sensitive to biocides (i) released from antifouling paints and (ii) exhibited by contact with the coated surfaces. Changes in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM) were observed within the first 12 h of exposure to the coatings. Partial recovery of FV/FM in Cyanothece was revealed 24 h post exposure to a copper- and zineb-free coating. In this research, we proposed an analysis of the evaluation of fluorescence data to study the initial response of cyanobacterial cells to copper- and non-copper-based antifouling coatings formulated with zineb. We evaluated the dynamics of coating toxicity by determining the characteristic time constants of changes in the FV/FM. Within the most toxic paints studied, those formulated with the highest concentration of Cu2O and zineb, the estimated time constants were 3.9 times lower compared to the copper- and zineb-free paint. The use of zineb in copper-based antifouling coatings enhanced the toxic effect of paints and contributed to a faster decline in photosystem II activity in Cyanothece cells. The analysis we proposed, along with the fluorescence screening results, may be useful in evaluating the initial antifouling dynamic action against photosynthetic aquacultures.

• Klíčová slova
• Cyanothece, antifouling coatings, chlorophyll fluorescence, cyanobacteria, photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, toxicity,
• MeSH
• bioznečištění * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dezinficiencia * analýza   MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fotosystém II - proteinový komplex MeSH
• lodě MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty MeSH
• sinice * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dezinficiencia * MeSH
• fotosystém II - proteinový komplex MeSH

Perfectly coated surfaces are an essential quality feature in the automotive and consumer goods industries. They are the result of an optimized, controlled coating process. Because entire assemblies could be rejected if Out-of-Specification (OOS) parts are installed, this has a severe economic impact. This paper presents a novel, line-integrated multi-camera system with intelligent algorithms for anomaly detection on small KTL-coated aluminum parts. The system also aims to automatize the previously used human inspection to a sophisticated and automated vision system that efficiently detects defects and anomalies on coated parts.

• Klíčová slova
• coating, extrusion, failure, neural networks, quality control,
• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• hliník * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hliník * MeSH

Many issues in the conservation of paintings from the early modern period are still unresolved due to lack of information on paints from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in particular their production, formulations, and later degradation processes. The inconsistency of the names that paint manufacturers chose for their products furthermore compounds the challenges faced by conservators and chemists wishing to study them. This paper addresses a number of these issues through investigations of commercial tube oil paints from a paint box owned by the Norwegian painter Harriet Backer (1845-1932). Samples were analyzed using a multi-instrumental approach. Micro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy - supported by micro-X-ray powder diffraction - allowed the identification of binders, pigments, and extenders. The data highlight the use of materials that were new at the time and not reported in the manufacturer's catalog. Furthermore, zinc stearate has been detected for the first time. Its detection and the absence of any zinc-based pigments confirms that zinc stearate was already used as dispersing agent in paint formulations at that time.

• Klíčová slova
• Metal carboxylates, Micro-ATR-FTIR, Micro-Raman, Micro-XRPD, Pigments, Zinc stearate,
• MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• malířství * dějiny   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty * dějiny   MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An archaeological excavation in Prostějov (Czech Republic) revealed a workshop of a local potter with colourless, pink, and blue powders presumably used to produce faience/surface decoration. A comprehensive analytical study, which combined elemental and molecular analysis techniques, was performed to shed light on the chemical composition of these unique findings. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDX), inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS), flow injection analysis (FIA) with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI MS), laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry (LDI MS), and Raman spectroscopy were applied to reveal the elemental composition of the powders and identify the colouring agents in the pink and blue powders. The colouring agents in the pink powder were probably iron and the agent in the blue powder is Prussian blue. On top of that, it was also possible to determine the organic additives in these powders through pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Py GC/MS), atmospheric solids analysis probe ion mobility mass spectrometry (ASAP IM MS), and LDI MS. The organic constituents were identified as plant resin, beeswax, and fats. These results point to the preparation of faience/pigment mixtures as oil paint.

• Klíčová slova
• Faience, direct mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, inorganic pigments, mass spectrometry, organic additives,
• MeSH
• barvicí látky analýza   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * metody   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty * analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody   MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• barvicí látky MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the risk of lung cancer associated with ever working as a painter, duration of employment and type of painter by histological subtype as well as joint effects with smoking, within the SYNERGY project. METHODS: Data were pooled from 16 participating case-control studies conducted internationally. Detailed individual occupational and smoking histories were available for 19 369 lung cancer cases (684 ever employed as painters) and 23 674 age-matched and sex-matched controls (532 painters). Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, centre, cigarette pack-years, time-since-smoking cessation and lifetime work in other jobs that entailed exposure to lung carcinogens. RESULTS: Ever having worked as a painter was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.50). The association was strongest for construction and repair painters and the risk was elevated for all histological subtypes, although more evident for small cell and squamous cell lung cancer than for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. There was evidence of interaction on the additive scale between smoking and employment as a painter (relative excess risk due to interaction >0). CONCLUSIONS: Our results by type/industry of painter may aid future identification of causative agents or exposure scenarios to develop evidence-based practices for reducing harmful exposures in painters.

• Klíčová slova
• cancer, epidemiology, painters, smoking,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory plic chemicky indukované   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nemoci z povolání chemicky indukované   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Rock varnish is a microbial habitat, characterised by thin (5-500 μm) and shiny coatings of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxides associated with clay minerals. This structure is well studied by geologists, and recently there have been reports about the taxonomical composition of its microbiome. In this study, we investigated the rock varnish microbiome using shotgun metagenomics together with analyses of elemental composition, lipid and small molecule biomarkers, and rock surface analyses to explore the biogeography of microbial communities and their functional features. We report taxa and encoded functions represented in metagenomes retrieved from varnish or non-varnish samples, additionally, eight nearly complete genomes have been reconstructed spanning four phyla (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and TM7). The functional and taxonomic analyses presented in this study provide new insights into the ecosystem dynamics and survival strategies of microbial communities inhabiting varnish and non-varnish rock surfaces.

• Klíčová slova
• biomarkers, elemental analysis, microbes, rock varnish, shotgun metagenomics,
• MeSH
• Acidobacteria genetika   MeSH
• Actinobacteria genetika   MeSH
• Chloroflexi genetika   MeSH
• genom bakteriální genetika   MeSH
• metagenom genetika   MeSH
• metagenomika metody   MeSH
• mikrobiota fyziologie   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty MeSH
• oxidy MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu MeSH
• železo MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• manganese oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxidy MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu MeSH
• železo MeSH

The ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC/MS) procedure for analysis of native monosaccharides was developed. Chromatographic conditions were investigated to separate a mixture of four hexoses, three pentoses, two deoxyhexoses and two uronic acids. Increasing water content in methanol modifier to 5% and formic acid to 4% improved peak shapes of neutral monosaccharides and allowed complete elution of highly polar uronic acids in a single run. An Acquity HSS C18SB column outperformed other three tested stationary phases (BEH (silica), BEH 2-ethylpyridine, CSH Fluoro-Phenyl) in terms of separation of isomers and analysis time (4.5 min). Limits of detection were in the range 0.01-0.12 ng μL-1. Owing to separation of anomers, identification of critical pairs (arabinose-xylose and glucose-galactose) was possible. Feasibility of the new method was demonstrated on plant-derived polysaccharide binders. Samples of watercolor paints, painted paper and three plant gums widely encountered in painting media (Arabic, cherry and tragacanth) were decomposed prior the analysis by microwave-assisted hydrolysis at 40 bar initial pressure using 2 mol L-1 trifluoroacetic acid. Among tested temperatures, 120 °C ensured appropriate hydrolysis efficiency for different types of gum and avoided excessive degradation of labile monosaccharides. Procedure recovery tested on gum Arabic was 101% with an RSD below 8%. Aqueous hydrolysates containing monosaccharides in different ratios specific to each type of plant gum were diluted or analyzed directly. Filtration of samples before hydrolysis reduced interferences from a paper support and identification of gum Arabic in watercolor-painted paper samples was demonstrated. Successful identification of pure gum Arabic was confirmed for sample quantities as little as 1 μg. Two classification approaches were compared and principal component analysis was superior to analysis based on peak area ratios of monosaccharides. The proposed procedure using UHPSFC/MS represents an interesting alternative which can compete with other chromatographic methods in the field of saccharide analysis in terms of speed, sensitivity and simplicity of workflow.

• Klíčová slova
• Mass spectrometry, Microwave-assisted hydrolysis, Monosaccharide, Plant gum, Supercritical fluid chromatography, Watercolor,
• MeSH
• monosacharidy analýza   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty analýza   MeSH
• papír MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• rostlinné gumy chemie   MeSH
• superkritická fluidní chromatografie * MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• monosacharidy MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• rostlinné gumy MeSH

Preventive measures in Central Europe were successful in suppressing both occupational and environmental lead exposure so that they did not constitute a severe public health problem. However, rare lead intoxications still appear. We report on lead intoxication in four family members where the source was removed lead ceiling paint. The symptoms of the lead intoxication started several weeks after removal and the inhalational exposure to the minimum dust residues lasted for more than three months before the poisoning was diagnosed. Father developed anaemia and saturnine colics. He and his two daughters received antidotal treatment which had to be repeated in the children. Finally, all recovered completely.Lead intoxication may be easily overlooked due to the unspecific symptoms. It is necessary to think of this rare poisoning which may be caused by old paints, historical ceramics and lead shots, in addition to commercial products imported from abroad.

• Klíčová slova
• diagnosis, intoxication, lead, paints, prevention, treatment,
• MeSH
• bydlení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty analýza   MeSH
• otrava olovem etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• psi MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is commonly used for the identification of proteinaceous binders and their mixtures in artworks. The determination of protein binders is based on a comparison between the m/z values of tryptic peptides in the unknown sample and a reference one (egg, casein, animal glues etc.), but this method has greater potential to study changes due to ageing and the influence of organic/inorganic components on protein identification. However, it is necessary to then carry out statistical evaluation on the obtained data. Before now, it has been complicated to routinely convert the mass spectrometric data into a statistical programme, to extract and match the appropriate peaks. Only several 'homemade' computer programmes without user-friendly interfaces are available for these purposes. In this paper, we would like to present our completely new, publically available, non-commercial software, ms-alone and multiMS-toolbox, for principal component analyses of MALDI-TOF MS data for R software, and their application to the study of the influence of heterogeneous matrices (organic lakes) for protein identification. Using this new software, we determined the main factors that influence the protein analyses of artificially aged model mixtures of organic lakes and fish glue, prepared according to historical recipes that were used for book illumination, using MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping.

• Klíčová slova
• artificial ageing, infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry, organic lakes, principal component analysis,
• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• hmyz chemie   MeSH
• malířství * MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu * MeSH
• proteiny analýza   MeSH
• software MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• měď MeSH
• proteiny MeSH

The identification of proteinaceous materials in paint constituents provides very valuable information regarding the techniques used by the painter and the most suitable procedures for conserving and restoring their works. Although the analysis of proteinaceous materials is nowadays a common task when dealing with works of art, the reliable detection and identification of protein traces is still complicated, particularly when very small samples can be taken that may contain a mixture of different organic materials (oils, waxes, resins, gums etc.). We therefore proposed a proteomic approach to investigate protein materials in paintings at trace levels in order to obtain a better understanding of the painter's technique. After trypsin digestion of the paint samples, mass spectra were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and they were compared with the Mascot database and with theoretical digested proteins. This study contributes to the knowledge about the technique used by Alonso Cano (Granada, Spain, 1601-1667), one of the most original and brilliant artists from the Spanish Golden Age (17th century), in the series called the Life of the Virgin (six paintings), part of the iconographic program about the life of the Virgin Mary, nowadays seen in the main chapel of Granada Cathedral. The objective of the present study was to test the use of proteinaceous material, mainly egg yolk, in the paint used by Cano, as suggested in previous research, although this would have been unusual at that time when most artists used oil paints. Based on the results of the analysis here presented, the use of protein in the binding media can most likely be excluded.

• MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody   MeSH
• malířství MeSH
• nátěrové hmoty analýza   MeSH
• proteiny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny MeSH