Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol, experimentally used as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Since it acts as a potent inhibitor in studies with neutrophils and macrophages, no inhibitory effect can often be found in non-phagocyte cells. In our experiments, apocynin even stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by vascular fibroblasts. Even when added to macrophages, apocynin initially caused an increase in ROS production. The inhibition of ROS formation followed, suggesting that in the presence of leukocyte myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide, apocynin is converted to another compound. Apocynin pre-activated with H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inhibited ROS production immediately. In non-phagocytes, apocynin stimulated ROS production and no inhibition was observed even after 60 min. Apocynin treated with H2O2 and HRP, however, decreased ROS production in the same manner as in macrophages. The stimulatory effect on ROS production can be abolished by tiron and superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting that superoxide was the produced species. The effect of apocynin was inhibited by diphenylene iodinium (DPI), a non-scavenging NADPH oxidase inhibitor. It can be summarized that apocynin stimulates cell superoxide production. In the presence of peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, however, it is converted into another compound that acts as an inhibitor of superoxide production. It strongly suggests that under conditions in vivo, apocynin can have opposite effects on phagocytes and non-phagocyte cells. It acts as an inhibitor of phagocyte NADPH oxidase but also as a ROS production stimulator in non-phagocyte cells.

• MeSH
• acetofenony farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• aorta účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• fagocyty enzymologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetofenony MeSH
• acetovanillone MeSH Prohlížeč
• antioxidancia MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH

The effect of an i.p. application of bilirubin on phagocytic activity and the arrangement of the microtubule system of murine peritoneal macrophages were examined. A significant increase of phagocytic activity was observed 3 h after bilirubin treatment, and normal value were reached after 3 d. The increase of the extent of the microtubule system was comparable with that of enhanced phagocytosis but normal values were observed after 1 d.

• MeSH
• bilirubin farmakologie   MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky léků   MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• mikrotubuly účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši MeSH
• peritoneální dutina cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bilirubin MeSH

Sixty-three persons with the known HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -Dw antigens were investigated for phagocytic ability, candidacidal activity, respiratory burst values, and the levels of circulating immune complexes, C2, C4, IgG, IgM, and IgA. The investigated persons were divided into the HLA-DR2/Dw2, the HLA-DR3/Dw3 and a control group, members of which possessed neither antigen in question. The phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes ingesting dead cells of C. albicans and the candidacidal activity were found to be significantly lower (P less than 0.02) in the HLA-DR3/Dw3 compared to the control group. The respiratory burst values did not considerably differ in all three groups under study. The levels of circulating immune complexes were higher in both the HLA-DR2/Dw2 and HLA-DR3/Dw3 in comparison with the control group.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• HLA antigeny genetika   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• imunokomplex analýza   MeSH
• komplement 4 analýza   MeSH
• komplement C3 analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutrofily fyziologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HLA antigeny MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• komplement 4 MeSH
• komplement C3 MeSH

The effect of morphine on the phagocytic activity of the polymorphonuclears (PMN), and monocytes in peripheral blood of laboratory rats of inbred Wistar strain was studied in vitro. Phagocytic activity of both types of the white blood cells was examined by the classical method using microspherical hydrophilic particles (Hema-particles), phagocytosis of the Hema-particles was determined by light microscopy. For evaluation of the leukocyte adherence, the method of MacGregor was used. Morphine was proved to influence phagocytic activity of individual types of the leukocytes in different way. Phagocytic activity of the PMNs was suppressed (by 14.0%), and that of monocytes was potentiated (by 17.1%).

• MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky léků   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• monocyty účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• morfin farmakologie   MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• morfin MeSH

BACKGROUND: Emergence of both viral zoonoses from bats and diseases that threaten bat populations has highlighted the necessity for greater insights into the functioning of the bat immune system. Particularly when considering hibernating temperate bat species, it is important to understand the seasonal dynamics associated with immune response. Body temperature is one of the factors that modulates immune functions and defence mechanisms against pathogenic agents in vertebrates. To better understand innate immunity mediated by phagocytes in bats, we measured respiratory burst and haematology and blood chemistry parameters in heterothermic greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) and noctules (Nyctalus noctula) and homeothermic laboratory mice (Mus musculus). RESULTS: Bats displayed similar electrolyte levels and time-related parameters of phagocyte activity, but differed in blood profile parameters related to metabolism and red blood cell count. Greater mouse-eared bats differed from mice in all phagocyte activity parameters and had the lowest phagocytic activity overall, while noctules had the same quantitative phagocytic values as mice. Homeothermic mice were clustered separately in a high phagocyte activity group, while both heterothermic bat species were mixed in two lower phagocyte activity clusters. Stepwise regression identified glucose, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, total dissolved carbon dioxide and chloride variables as the best predictors of phagocyte activity. White blood cell counts, representing phagocyte numbers available for respiratory burst, were the best predictors of both time-related and quantitative parameters of phagocyte activity. Haemoglobin, as a proxy variable for oxygen available for uptake by phagocytes, was important for the onset of phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our comparative data indicate that phagocyte activity reflects the physiological state and blood metabolic and cellular characteristics of homeothermic and heterothermic mammals. However, further studies elucidating trade-offs between immune defence, seasonal lifestyle physiology, hibernation behaviour, roosting ecology and geographic patterns of immunity of heterothermic bat species will be necessary. An improved understanding of bat immune responses will have positive ramifications for wildlife and conservation medicine.

• Klíčová slova
• Bats, Blood, Innate immunity, Phagocytosis, Respiratory burst, Torpor,
• MeSH
• biochemická analýza krve MeSH
• Chiroptera krev   imunologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat fyziologie   MeSH
• fagocyty imunologie   MeSH
• počet erytrocytů MeSH
• tělesná teplota * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

On the basis of a simple examination of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes of the peripheral blood., with the help of the yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we determined the functional ability of leukocytes in untreated patients with the Hodgkin's disease, in the course of the primary chemotherapy, during the complete remission and in the relapse of the disease. In all the periods we found only changes in the absolute number of phagocytic cells, corresponding to the changes in the leukocyte count (increased numbers in untreated patients and in relapse, decreased number in the course of the chemotherapy). The value of the phagocytic and activity indices in untreated patients were only moderately reduced. In the course of chemotherapy there was a more remarkable drop of the phagocytic activity only in the first half of the treatment series. In the complete remission the phagocytic activity values were normal. We did not observe significant differences between clinical stages of the Hodgkin's disease in any group. Our results correspond to the clinical course of the disease (absence of infectious complications) in the patients followed. The presented conclusions do not concern bactericidal ability of leukocytes, which is not reflected by the test method used. The test described here does not provide more data for monitoring the clinical course and chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease than do routine examinations of the erythrocyte sedimentation and white blood count.

• MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• Hodgkinova nemoc diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• leukocyty imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Phagocytosis of synthetic microspheres was determined by peritoneal macrophages and omental dendritic cells of nu/nu and nu/+ BALB/c and C57BL/10.LP mice during ontogenetic development. The macrophages of nu/nu mice phagocytized comparably to those of the nu/+ littermates till day 10 of their life. On day 25, the phagocytic activity of nu/nu mice sharply decreased but returned to normal and higher values at the age of 2 months. Omental dendritic cells showed similar ontogenetic behaviour in their ability to engulf microspheres as was found for free peritoneal macrophages.

• MeSH
• dendritické buňky imunologie   MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   MeSH
• myši nahé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• omentum cytologie   MeSH
• peritoneální dutina cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The effect of various doses of He-Ne laser light (1-50 J/cm2) on phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes was studied under in vitro conditions. The used method employing microspherical particles on the basis of hydrophilic polymers minimized the amount of biological material and allowed a homogeneous irradiation by means of fiberoptics. The doses of 5 to 10 J/cm2 induced a significant increase in phagocytic activity.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fagocytóza účinky záření   MeSH
• lasery * MeSH
• leukocyty imunologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• baktericidní aktivita krve MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• fagocytóza * MeSH
• hydrokortison farmakologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• kaustika farmakologie   MeSH
• leukocyty účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• počet leukocytů MeSH
• Staphylococcus MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hydrokortison MeSH
• kaustika MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH

Deficiencies in adhesion molecules or their counter-receptors in humans may have severe consequences as exemplified by leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) I or II syndromes. Because such diseases occur with great rarity, animal models are valuable for studying the role of particular adhesion molecules and their natural ligands in immunity. We studied selected immune parameters and general health in mice with a defect in the sialyl-Lewis X antigen (selectin ligand) caused by disruption of the gene encoding alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase VII (Fuc-TVII). Leukocytes from Fuc-TVII -/- and control mice were tested for adherence to cellophane membranes or polymer particles in vivo and phagocytic activity in vitro. While no difference in adherence was found, the number of neutrophil granulocytes in exudate induced by intraperitoneal injection of polymer beads was reduced in knock-out mice. Moreover, the phagocytic activity in Fuc-TVII -/- mice was significantly reduced. These animals have splenomegaly due to increased hematopoiesis and reduced weight but do not exhibit clinical signs of immunodeficiency. In conclusion, the lack of Fuc-TVII activity leads to several morphological and functional abnormalities without an impact on survival rate.

• MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• buňky kostní dřeně patologie   MeSH
• Candida albicans * MeSH
• celofán MeSH
• fagocytóza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• fukosyltransferasy nedostatek   genetika   MeSH
• LAD syndrom krev   genetika   MeSH
• membrány umělé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši inbrední DBA MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neutrofily mikrobiologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• slezina patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• celofán MeSH
• fukosyltransferasy MeSH
• galactoside 3-fucosyltransferase MeSH Prohlížeč
• membrány umělé MeSH