solvent casting method
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The aim of this study was to develop benzydamine hydrochloride-loaded orodispersible films using the modification of a solvent casting method. An innovative approach was developed when the drying process of a small-scale production was used based on a heated inert base for casting the film. During this process, two types of film-forming maltodextrins for rapid drug delivery were used. They were plasticized with two different polyols (xylitol and sorbitol). Superdisintegrant Kollidon® CL-F was tested as an excipient that can induce faster disintegration of the prepared films. The influence of the formulation parameters (dextrose equivalent of film-forming maltodextrins, a type of plasticizer, and the presence of superdisintegrant) on the disintegration time, mechanical properties, and moisture content of films was statistically evaluated using a multivariate data analysis. Orodispersible films containing maltodextrin with lower dextrose equivalent value showed better mechanical properties (tensile strength ranged from 886.6 ± 30.2 to 1484.2 ± 226.9 N cm-2), lower moisture content (0.5 ± 0.0 to 1.2 ± 0.2%), and shorter disintegration time (17.6 ± 2.9 to 27.8 ± 2.8 s). Films plasticized with xylitol showed shorter disintegration time (17.6 ± 2.9 to 29.2 ± 3.8 s) than films containing sorbitol (23.8 ± 2.9 to 31.7 ± 3.9 s). With the addition of superdisintegrant Kollidon® CL-F, a significant influence on disintegration time was not observed. The modified solvent casting method shows great promise in a small-scale laboratory production of orodispersible films, e.g., in a pharmacy lab.
- Klíčová slova
- benzydamine hydrochloride, maltodextrins, multivariate data analysis, orodispersible films, solvent casting method,
- MeSH
- benzydamin chemie MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy * MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie MeSH
- povidon chemie MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- změkčovadla chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzydamin MeSH
- maltodextrin MeSH Prohlížeč
- polysacharidy MeSH
- povidon MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- změkčovadla MeSH
Inhabitation of various types of bacteria on different surfaces causes vital health problems worldwide. In this work, a wound dressing defeating bacterial infection had been fabricated. The antibacterial effect of polycaprolactone and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots (hCQDs) based nanocomposite has been presented. The nanocomposite was fabricated both via solvent casting and electrospinning method. Nanocomposites with and without hCQDs had been investigated. A detailed study on their morphology and surface properties were performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Prepared nanocomposites had been evaluated by the contact angle, UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and antibacterial activity. It was found that nanocomposites were able to produce singlet oxygen upon blue light irradiation at 470 nm, and they were effective in the eradication of Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria.
- Klíčová slova
- Antibacterial activity, Carbon quantum dots, Electrospinning, Film casting, Polycaprolactone,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * metody MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky farmakologie MeSH
- kvantové tečky * MeSH
- nanokompozity * MeSH
- polyestery MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky MeSH
- polycaprolactone MeSH Prohlížeč
- polyestery MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
We put forth our opinion regarding the enhanced plasticity and modulation of mechanical properties of polymeric films obtained through electrospinning process in this article. In majority of the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and packaging applications, it is desirable that polymer based matrices should be soft, flexible, and have a moderate toughness. In order to convert inflexible and brittle polymers, adjuvants in the form of plasticizers are added to improve the flexibility and smoothness of solvent casted polymer films. However, many of these plasticizers are under scrutiny for their toxic effects and environmental hazards. In addition, plasticizers also increase the cost of end products. This has motivated the scientific community to investigate alternate approaches. The changes imparted in membrane casted by electrospinning were tried to be proved by SEM, Mechanical property study, DSC and XRD studies. We have showed dramatic improvement in flexibility of poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanofiber matrix prepared by electrospinning method whereas solvent casting method without any plasticizer produced very brittle, inflexible film of PCL. Modulation capacity of mechanical properties is also recorded. We tried to support our opinion by citing several similar findings available in the open literature. The electrospinning method helps in plasticization and in tuning mechanical properties.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Collagen is essential as a physiological material in wound healing, so it is often used in wound management, mainly as a lyophilisate. Collagen also has excellent film-forming properties; unfortunately, however, its utilisation as a film wound dressing is limited because of its weak mechanical properties, especially in its wet state. For this reason, modifications or combinations with different materials are investigated. The combination of collagen with partially modified microfibrillar carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which has not previously been described, provided a new possibility for strengthening collagen films and was the aim of this work. The collagen-CMC films based on three types of collagens, two plasticizers and two collagen. Plasticiser ratios were prepared using the solvent casting method; partially modified CMC served here as both a film-forming agent and a filler, without compromising the transparency of the films. The presence of microfibrils was confirmed microscopically by SEM. Organoleptic and physicochemical evaluation, especially in terms of practical application on wounds, demonstrated that all the samples had satisfactory properties for this purpose even after wetting. All the films retained acidic pH values even after 24 h, with a maximum of 6.27 ± 0.17, and showed a mild degree of swelling, with a maximum of about 6 after 24 h.
- Klíčová slova
- blend films, collagen, film wound dressing, microfibrillated carboxymethylcellulose, solvent casting method, wound healing,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Self-supporting films from amphiphilic hyaluronan are suitable for medical applications like wound dressings or resorbable implants. These films are typically cast from water/alcohol solutions. However, when the mixed solvent evaporates in ambient air, convection flows develop in the solution and become imprinted in the film, potentially compromising its properties. Consequently, we developed a novel film manufacturing method: drying in a closed box under saturated vapour conditions. Using this approach, we prepared a series of optically clear lauroyl-hyaluronan (LHA) films with uniform thickness and compared them to their air-dried counterparts. We first evaluated swelling ratios and elastic moduli for LHA films with varying degrees of substitution. The box-dried films swelled significantly less and were 1-2 orders of magnitude stiffer than air-dried films from the same LHA sample. Confocal microscopy revealed that box-dried films exhibited a regular microstructure, while air-dried films displayed a pore-size gradient and strong microstructure modulation due to convection flows. Local elastic modulus variations arising from these microstructures were assessed using nanoindentation mapping. Importantly, achieving the desired film stiffness requires much lower polymer modification when box-drying is used, enhancing the biological response to the material. These findings have implications for all polysaccharide formulations that utilize mixed solvents.
- Klíčová slova
- Film, Hyaluronan, Hydrogel, Microstructure, Mixed solvent, Nanoindentation, Solution casting,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mucoadhesive films represent the most developed medical form of buccal application. Despite the intense focus on buccal film-based systems, there are no standardized methods for their evaluation, which limits the possibility of comparison of obtained data and evaluation of the significance of influence of formulation and process variables on properties of resulting films. The used principal component analysis, together with a partial least squares regression provided a unique insight into the effects of in vitro parameters of mucoadhesive buccal films on their in vivo properties and into interdependencies among the studied variables. In the present study eight various mucoadhesive buccal films based on mucoadhesive polymers (carmellose, polyethylene oxide) were prepared using a solvent casting method or a method of impregnation, respectively. An ethylcellulose or hydrophobic blend of white beeswax and white petrolatum were used as a backing layer. The addition of polyethylene oxide prolonged the in vivo film residence time (from 53.24±5.38-74.18±5.13 min to 71.05±3.15-98.12±1.75 min), and even more when combined with an ethylcellulose backing layer (98.12±1.75 min) and also improved the film's appearance. Tested non-woven textile shortened the in vivo film residence time (from 74.18±5.13-98.12±1.75 min to 53.24±5.38-81.00±8.47 min) and generally worsened the film's appearance. Mucoadhesive buccal films with a hydrophobic backing layer were associated with increased frequency of adverse effects.
- Klíčová slova
- Backing layer, Carmellose, In vitro testing, In vivo evaluation, Method of impregnation, Mucoadhesive buccal films, Multivariate data analysis, Non-woven textile, Residence time, Solvent casting method,
- MeSH
- adheziva aplikace a dávkování chemie metabolismus MeSH
- adhezivita účinky léků MeSH
- aplikace bukální MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy aplikace a dávkování chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ústní sliznice účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adheziva MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH
Characteristics of the buccal mucoadhesive films (film thickness, film weight, uniformity of mass and moisture content) prepared by solvent casting method were tested in this experimental study. The formulations consisted either of one mucoadhesive polymer (sodium hyaluronate of two different molecular weights and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) or combinations thereof. On the basis of the aforementioned tests, it was determined that water content was influenced by the molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate as well as by the ratio of mucoadhesive polymers in the composition. The composition of the films influences also other tested parameters.Key words: buccal mucoadhesive films solvent casting method sodium hyaluronate sodium carboxymethylcellulose water content.
CONTEXT: Mucoadhesive oral films, with their prolonged residence time at the site of application, offer a promising approach for protection of the oral lesion surface. The addition of sodium hyaluronate of different molecular weights as a second mucoadhesive polymer into the film matrix could positively influence the physico-mechanical and mucoadhesive properties of films. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the formulation of a monolayered film matrix containing varying amounts of sodium hyaluronate and to test the properties of such matrices by applying different characterization methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Film matrix was composed of two mucoadhesive polymers, carmellose sodium and sodium hyaluronate, plasticized with glycerol. Resulting films were characterized with regard to their viscosity and physico-mechanical properties. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Multivariate data analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of varying amounts of mucoadhesive polymers on the main mucoadhesive oral films' properties. The lower content of sodium hyaluronate caused improvements in mechanical properties and residence time on the artificial oral mucosa, both of which are the main characteristics that determine the quality of the final product. CONCLUSIONS: The best results were obtained by samples containing carmellose sodium with a small amount of sodium hyaluronate (about 0.5% in casting dispersion).
- Klíčová slova
- Carmellose sodium, mucoadhesive oral films, multivariate data analysis, physico-mechanical properties, sodium hyaluronate, solvent casting method,
- MeSH
- adheziva chemie metabolismus MeSH
- adhezivita MeSH
- glycerol chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- orální absorpce MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- polymery MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- ústní sliznice metabolismus MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- viskozita MeSH
- změkčovadla chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adheziva MeSH
- glycerol MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
- polymery MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy MeSH
- změkčovadla MeSH
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of oral mucosal fungal infections increases with the frequent administration of antibiotics, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Therapeutically used antifungals are usually associated with a variety of drug interactions. Furthermore, there has been a noticeable increase in microorganisms resistant to these preparations. Mucoadhesive buccal films represent a modern therapeutic system for the treatment of oral mucosal fungal infection paired with a high degree of patient compliance. Ciclopirox olamine applied directly onto the oral mucosa offers an attractive alternative to treatment with systemic antifungals thanks to its low incidence of resistance and side effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of ciclopirox olamine after the buccal application of mucoadhesive film prepared by the solvent casting method. METHOD: A chromatographic method using an internal standard was developed and validated for evaluation of ciclopirox olamine plasma concentrations. Method accuracy was 88.5-104.6% and 89.5-99.7% for interday and intraday assays, respectively. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic properties of ciclopirox olamine were studied in New Zealand White rabbits. The mucoadhesive films containing ciclopirox olamine in a total dose of 34.4 (33.0; 35.9) mg kg-1 were applied to all the rabbits. Plasma ciclopirox olamine concentrations were determined during the 12 h following application. The time taken to reach maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 (1.1; 2.2) h after the drug administration with cmax 5.73 (4.18; 7.28) μg mL-1. Overall elimination half-life was 3.8 (1.9; 10.8) h. CONCLUSION: The experiment suggests that oral mucoadhesive film may be a valuable alternative ciclopirox olamine administration.
- Klíčová slova
- Buccal application, ciclopirox olamine, isocratic chromatographic method, mucoadhesive buccal films, pharmacokinetics, rabbits,
- MeSH
- antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- aplikace bukální MeSH
- ciklopirox MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- pyridony aplikace a dávkování krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifungální látky MeSH
- ciklopirox MeSH
- pyridony MeSH
Oral mucosa is an attractive region for the local and systemic application of many drugs. Oral mucoadhesive films are preferred for their prolonged time of residence, the improved bioavailability of the drug they contain, their painless application, their protection against lesions, and their nonirritating properties. This work was focused on preparation of nonmedicated carmellose-based films using both solvent casting and impregnation methods, respectively. Moreover, a modern approach to evaluation of mucoadhesive films applying analysis of texture and subsequent multivariate data analysis was used. In this experiment, puncture strength strongly correlated with tensile strength and could be used to obtain necessary information about the mechanical film characteristics in films prepared using both methods. Puncture work and tensile work were not correlated in films prepared using the solvent casting method, as increasing the amount of glycerol led to an increase in the puncture work in thinner films. All measured texture parameters in films prepared by impregnation were significantly smaller compared to films prepared by solvent casting. Moreover, a relationship between the amount of glycerol and film thickness was observed, and a greater recalculated tensile/puncture strength was needed for an increased thickness in films prepared by impregnation.
