spontaneous attention
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- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- percepce * MeSH
- pozornost * MeSH
- zraková percepce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Spontaneously hypertensive rats are the most common animal model used to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study investigated the levels of steroid hormones in the bloodstream of hypertensive rats and its normotensive control strain, Wistar-Kyoto rats, to check if there are any hormonal differences between both strains at the onset of ADHD. Plasma samples were collected from young (5-week-old) and mature (10-week-old) male hypertensive and normotensive rats to determine the serum level of testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, free estriol, progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol using ELISA kits. The results showed statistically significant increases in serum levels of testosterone and free estriol in 10-week-old hypertensive and normotensive rats when compared to 5-week-old animals. Moreover, the concentrations of progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol were significantly elevated in 10-week-old hypertensive rats when compared to 5-week-old animals of both strains as well as 10-week-old normotensive rats. Hormonal differences observed between 10-week-old hypertensive and normotensive rats were also accompanied by differences in the volumes of lateral ventricles as well as the third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct. In conclusion, elevated contents of progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol in hypertensive rats may be associated not only with ADHD but also with developing hypertension. This question needs further study.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- hydrokortison krev MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha krev patofyziologie MeSH
- hypertenze krev patofyziologie MeSH
- kortikosteron krev MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- pohlavní steroidní hormony krev MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- potkani inbrední WKY MeSH
- progesteron krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- hydrokortison MeSH
- kortikosteron MeSH
- pohlavní steroidní hormony MeSH
- progesteron MeSH
BACKGROUND: Spontaneous splenic rupture (SSR) is a very rare complication described in several hundred patients, mainly as case reports. It is defined as a splenic rupture without antecedent injury. The authors of the present paper describe the only two SSR cases diagnosed at the Hemato-oncology department, coincidentally in one year. PATIENTS: The first patient was admitted to hospital because of planned chemotherapy for relapsed hairy cell leukemia. The second was directed to the Hemato-oncology outpatient department because of anemia and painful splenomegaly diagnosed by a physician. The diagnose of hematologic malignancy (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) was determined subsequently on the basis of histological examination of the spleen. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to consider SSR not only in patients with known diagnosis of malignant disease but in the patients with negative anamnesis, too. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to the existence of this complication.
- MeSH
- difúzní velkobuněčný B-lymfom komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ruptura sleziny etiologie MeSH
- spontánní ruptura MeSH
- vlasatobuněčná leukemie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
In spite of being a relatively rare disorder, synchronous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax requires proper attention because of its consequences that essentially constitute an acute life-threatening chest cavity event. Standard of care is stabilization of the patient's condition with emergency drainage of both pleural cavities that should be followed by early surgical revision, preferably using miniinvasive approach involving intervention of the lung, or pleura. The case report uses the example of a 19-year-old patient to alert to possible errors in the process of therapy of this disorder, presenting, at the same time, the correct alternative of the process.
Organic lasers have attracted increasing attention owing to their superior characteristics such as lightweight, low-cost manufacturing, high mechanical flexibility, and high emission-wavelength tunability. Recent breakthroughs include electrically pumped organic laser diodes and an electrically driven organic laser, integrated with an organic light-emitting diode pumping. However, the availability of efficient deep blue organic laser chromophores remains limited. In this study, we develop two novel rigid oligophenylenes, end-capped with carbazole and phenylcarbazole groups, to demonstrate exceptional optical and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties. These oligophenylenes are not only solution processable but also exhibit remarkably high solution photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 90% and high radiative rates of 1.35 × 109 s-1 in the deep blue range. Our theoretical calculations confirm that the carbazole and phenylcarbazole end groups play a pivotal role in enhancing the optical transitions of the oligophenylene laser chromophores, thereby elevating their emission oscillator strengths. Remarkably, these materials demonstrate low solid-state ASE threshold values of 1.0 and 1.5 μJ/cm2 (at 431 and 418 nm, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, these ASE thresholds represent the lowest reported at these specific ASE wavelengths in the literature, regardless of whether they are solution-processed or thermally evaporated films. Furthermore, they exhibit excellent thermal and photostability, low triplet quantum yields, as well as negligible overlap of excited-state absorption within the ASE emission region, making them excellent candidates for a new class of deep blue materials for organic lasers. By integrating insights from theoretical calculations and experimental validation, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the design principles behind these high-performing organic laser chromophores, paving the way for the development of advanced organic lasers with enhanced performance characteristics.
- Klíčová slova
- amplified spontaneous emission, carbazole and phenylcarbazole end-caps, deep blue lasing materials, excited-state absorption, radiative decay rate,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This report illustrates the rare rapid spontaneous redistribution of an acute intracranial supratentorial subdural hematoma (AISSDH) to the entire spinal subdural space (SSS). The study is also unique in that the spinal subdural hematoma (SSH) manifested by the extremely rare Pourfour du Petit Syndrome (PPS). METHODS: A 66-year-old man sustained blunt head trauma. On admission to the regional hospital, he scored 6 on GCS and his pupils were of equal size reacting to light. Initial computed tomography (CT) scan showed a unilateral AISSDH. The patient was referred to our department and arrived 16 h following the accident, at which time a repeat CT scan revealed almost complete resolution of the AISSDH without clinical improvement. On the 9th postinjury day transient anisocoria and tachycardia without spinal symptomatology developed. Since neither neurological examination nor follow-up CT scans showed intracranial pathology explaining the anisocoria, the patient was treated further conservatively. During the next 3 days circulatory instability developed and the patient succumbed to primary traumatic injury. Autopsy revealed a SSH occupying the entire SSS. CONCLUSION: This case calls attention to the unique combination of the displacement of an AISSDH to the SSS and the presentation of this clinical entity by the PPS.
- MeSH
- akutní subdurální hematom komplikace diagnóza patologie MeSH
- anizokorie etiologie MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- kraniocerebrální traumata komplikace patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinální subdurální hematom komplikace MeSH
- spontánní remise MeSH
- subdurální prostor patologie MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- tachykardie komplikace MeSH
- tupá poranění komplikace patologie MeSH
- úrazy a nehody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Although numerous medical associations publish various guidance recommendations in order to introduce common procedures and rules for the management of spontaneous pneumotorax (SPNO), no general consensus has been reached in this area. The major controversy remains in the treatment of the 1st episode of primary SPNO (PSPNO), there is a strong disagreement between advocates of a single, one-step aspiration method and advocates of pleural cavity drainage. Furthermore, some authors promote miniinvasive surgical revision. On the other hand, there is a relative concesus regarding the management of PSPNO relapses, i.e. indication for videothoracoscopic procedure, if feasible considering the patient's condition. Similarly, there is an agreement concerning individual indications for videothoracoscopy in PSPNO. There is a tendency to prefer least injuring of the organism, resulting in procedures which use a single incision, so called uniportal procedures, and in the use of thoracoscopes and instruments measuring from 2 mm to the maximum of 5 mm in a diameter in so called needlescopic videothoracoscopies. The videothoracoscopic procedure itself, as a standard, includes lung surgery - i.e. removal of the pathology causing pneumothorax, and preventive procedure on parietal pleura, and recently on visceral pleura, as well. Endostapler non-anatomical resection is the commonest lung procedure, while pleuroabrasion or its combination with partial apical pleurectomy are the commonest pleurodesis procedures. Talc pleurodesis features certain comeback after some time. Recently, some authors have turned their attention to, so called, tenting - i.e. strengthening of the endangered visceral pleura parts with absorbable polymers to prevent development of new subpleural blisters or emphysema bulae responsible for the disease recurrence. Drainage of the pleural cavity is the method of choice in the management of the first episode of the secondary SPNO (SSPNO). SSPNO relapses and complications are managed by surgical intervention and, contrary to that in PSPNO, with higher rates of thoracotomy procedures compared to VTS procedures, which is due to inability of these patients to undergo unilateral lung respiration. When this intervention is not feasible, chemical pleurodesis with introduction of a drain using talc, autologous blood or tetracycline derivates is performed. Catamenial pneumotorax with high relaps rates requires videothoracic revision already at its first occurence, accompanied by the causative factor removal, pleurodesis and induction of hormonal amenorrhea.
- MeSH
- hrudní chirurgie video-asistovaná MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pneumotorax etiologie chirurgie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
High fear reaction, preferential attention, or fast detection are only a few of the specific responses which snakes evoke in humans. Previous research has shown that these responses are shared amongst several distinct cultures suggesting the evolutionary origin of the response. However, populations from sub-Saharan Africa have been largely missing in experimental research focused on this issue. In this paper, we focus on the effect of snake threat display on human spontaneous attention. We performed an eye-tracking experiment with participants from Somaliland and the Czechia and investigated whether human attention is swayed towards snakes in a threatening posture. Seventy-one Somalis and 71 Czechs were tested; the samples were matched for gender and comparable in age structure and education level. We also investigated the effect of snake morphotype as snakes differ in their threat display. We found that snakes in a threatening posture were indeed gazed upon more than snakes in a relaxed (non-threatening) posture. Further, we found a large effect of snake morphotype as this was especially prominent in cobras, less in vipers, and mostly non-significant in other morphotypes. Finally, despite highly different cultural and environmental backgrounds, the overall pattern of reaction towards snakes was similar in Somalis and Czechs supporting the evolutionary origin of the phenomenon. We concluded that human attention is preferentially directed towards snakes, especially cobras and vipers, in threatening postures.
- Klíčová slova
- Africa, Snake detection theory, eye-tracking, snake, spontaneous attention,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Reexpansion pulmonary oedema is a rare but possibly lethal complication of thoracic drainage for pneumothorax. Morbidity and mortality of this complication remains high (up to 20% of lethal cases) and as such deserves our attention. We report a case of ipsilateral left-sided pulmonary oedema following chest tube insertion in a 42-year-old male patient with spontaneous pneumothorax. Pneumothorax can be expected to last for up to 3 weeks (from the first presentation of sudden dyspnoea and chest pain). The pathophysiology of this lung affection has not yet been completely elucidated; the crucial role is probably played by damage to the endothelium which is followed by increased endothelial permeability during ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rapidly reexpanding lung. The main risk factors for the development of RPE are young age (the younger the patient, the higher the risk), the female sex, the degree of lung collapse, a pneumothorax that lasts more than 24 hours, a reexpansion of the lung in less than ten minutes, the use of a suction system, and - in cases of a pleural effusion - an evacuation volume of more than 2000 ml. Although in patients with these risk factors the administration of initial negative pressure should be avoided, this procedure remains common practice in pneumothorax treatment in the Czech Republic. Thoracic surgeons are more likely to use the suction system than pulmonologists (70% versus 52%). RPE manifestation ranges from benign clinical course (patients are free of complaints with only pathological chest radiography findings) to potentially lethal rapid respiratory failure with circulatory shock. Most patients develop RPE within 1 hour of expansion and the ipsilateral lung is affected. Only rarely can pulmonary oedema be bilateral, or in the contra-lateral lung. Treatment of RPE is supportive and depends on the individual patients condition, ranging from mere monitoring to mechanical ventilation for serious cases. Positive pressure mechanical ventilation and the utilization of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) remains the gold standard of treatment.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- drenáž škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní edém etiologie MeSH
- pneumotorax chirurgie MeSH
- torakotomie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The effect of imipramine on the spontaneous motility and development of chick embryos was studied from the 4th to the 19th day of incubation. On acute administration (a single dose of 12.5 of 25 mg/kg egg weight), imipramine already induced significant depression of spontaneous motility in 11-day embryos--an effect which increased significantly after the 15th day of incubation. The similar effect of imipramine in spinal embryos testifies to its direct action on the spinal cord and draws attention to certain details of the role of supraspinal structures of the CNS in the acute effect of imipramine. The chronic administration of imipramine showed that it had an almost 100% lethal effect from 4th to the 7th day of incubation. Between the 8th and the 10th day it caused longlasting depression of spontaneous motility. When it was administered between the 11th and 16th day of incubation, no significant effect on the development of spontaneous motor activity was found in chick embryos.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- imipramin farmakologie MeSH
- kuřecí embryo účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- pohyby plodu účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- imipramin MeSH
