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Differences in cognitive performance and cognitive decline across European regions: a population-based prospective cohort study
T. Formanek, A. Kagstrom, P. Winkler, P. Cermakova,
Jazyk angličtina Země Francie
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, práce podpořená grantem
Grantová podpora
U01 AG009740
NIA NIH HHS - United States
P01 AG005842
NIA NIH HHS - United States
P01 AG008291
NIA NIH HHS - United States
P30 AG012815
NIA NIH HHS - United States
R21 AG025169
NIA NIH HHS - United States
HHSN271201300071C
NIA NIH HHS - United States
- MeSH
- geriatrické hodnocení MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí psychologie MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- zeměpis statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: A large variation in cognitive performance exists between European regions. However, it is unclear how older Europeans differ in the rate of cognitive decline. METHODS: We analysed data from 22 181 individuals (54% women; median age 71) who participated in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured using tests on verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects regression to examine regional differences in the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline. RESULTS: Scandinavians had the highest baseline cognitive scores (mean standardized overall cognitive score 0.3), followed by Western Europeans (mean 0.2), Central and Eastern Europeans (mean 0.1) and individuals from Mediterranean countries (mean -0.4). These differences persisted even after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The annual cognitive decline in Scandinavia (0.59%) was approximately two times greater than in Western Europe (0.28%), Central and Eastern Europe (0.25%) and Mediterranean countries (0.23%). DISCUSSION: There are substantial differences in cognitive performance as well as rates of cognitive decline among the elderly throughout European regions. This might be explained by differing levels of cognitive reserve.
3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
National Institute of Mental Health 250 67 Klecany Czech Republic
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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- $a BACKGROUND: A large variation in cognitive performance exists between European regions. However, it is unclear how older Europeans differ in the rate of cognitive decline. METHODS: We analysed data from 22 181 individuals (54% women; median age 71) who participated in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured using tests on verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects regression to examine regional differences in the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline. RESULTS: Scandinavians had the highest baseline cognitive scores (mean standardized overall cognitive score 0.3), followed by Western Europeans (mean 0.2), Central and Eastern Europeans (mean 0.1) and individuals from Mediterranean countries (mean -0.4). These differences persisted even after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The annual cognitive decline in Scandinavia (0.59%) was approximately two times greater than in Western Europe (0.28%), Central and Eastern Europe (0.25%) and Mediterranean countries (0.23%). DISCUSSION: There are substantial differences in cognitive performance as well as rates of cognitive decline among the elderly throughout European regions. This might be explained by differing levels of cognitive reserve.
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